A review of mollusks farming in Chile
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Abstract
Mollusk farming is the second most important aquaculture activity in Chile in terms of production. Although it is not as significant a source of foreign exchange as salmon farming, it represents an important economic activity at the local scale for fishing villages, particularly in southern Chile. Much of the production is destined for local consumption, while an important fraction is exported. The present study reviews mollusk farming in Chile.
Mollusk culture in Chile began at least 150 years ago with attempts to culture native oysters (Ostrea chilensis) and Chilean mussels (Mytilus chilensis), mainly in southern Chile. During the last six decades, experimental and small-scale industrial farming expanded in northern Chile for native species such as Ostrea chilensis, giant mussels (Choromytilus chorus), Northern Chilean scallops (Argopecten purpuratus), and ribbon mussels (Aulacomya ater). Introduced species, including Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and abalones (Haliotis discus hannai and H. rufescens), were also incorporated into aquaculture systems. However, the culture of these introduced species is regulated because of their potential impacts on natural ecosystems.
The principal cultured species is Mytilus chilensis, accounting for 96.6% of mollusk production, followed by Argopecten purpuratus with 1.9%, while the remaining 1.5% includes all other cultured mollusk species. The main areas of mollusk farming are located in the inland seas of southern Chile.
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