The comparative growth and survival of juvnile tropical oyster (Magallana bilineata, Roding, 1798) using different intensive nursery systems
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Abstract
The bottleneck of the oyster industry worldwide is imposed by limitations in oyster seed supply and long culture cycles. In developing hatchery seed production technology to commercial plant scale, the main challenge lies not only in obtaining D-hinged larvae to the settlement stage (eyed larvae), but also in achieving economically viable growth and survival rates of juvenile oysters. Consequently, research efforts have focused on defining optimal conditions for the growth and survival of juvenile oysters cultured using different intensive rearing systems.
The nursery systems used in this project were modified and refined technologies commonly applied in hatcheries worldwide. Attention was focused on developing oyster seeds or juvenile oysters with high growth and survival rates. Different intensive nursery systems were used to obtain juveniles with regular shape and size. The systems applied in this project included the down-welling system, up-welling system, rain-down system, and the “coke-bottle” system. All four systems produced cultchless spat that developed into single oysters.
The results for juvenile survival from 1 week to 4 weeks using different nursery systems showed that the best survival and highest growth rate were observed in the up-welling system (89.3 ± 7.3%), followed by the rain-down system (76.5 ± 4.1%) and coke-bottle system (72.2 ± 12.0%). The down-welling system showed the lowest survival rate. This may have been due to the down-flowing water making it difficult for water to circulate efficiently, while juveniles blocked the nitex screen. In general, no significant differences were observed among the up-welling, rain-down, and coke-bottle systems for culturing smaller juveniles.
For juveniles cultured from 4 weeks to 2 months, the best survival and highest growth were observed in the coke-bottle system (93.2 ± 9.1%), followed by the up-welling system (85.6 ± 7.4%). The down-welling system again showed the lowest survival rate. The coke-bottle system demonstrated the highest survival because the upward water flow in a narrower diameter, compared to the up-welling system, enabled juveniles to rotate regularly and allowed food to be distributed more evenly throughout the system.
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