A review on the breeding of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in brackish water hatchery, Iran
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Abstract
Better management of tilapia hatcheries depends on effective factors influencing spawning, which are affected by different environmental and management conditions. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were held at a water salinity of 11.5 ppt and a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C. Fish were fed a 40% protein diet. Absolute fecundity varied between 50 and 2600 eggs per clutch (mean 853 ± 25). Relative fecundity varied from 0.29 to 6.8 eggs/g of female (mean 2.77 ± 0.13). The mean wet weight of egg clutches was 4.98 ± 0.31 g during the study period, increasing with female size (p < 0.05). The mean wet weight of each egg was 0.0062 ± 0.0001 g. Egg diameter varied between 1.8 and 3.5 mm, with a mean of 2.58 ± 0.009 mm, increasing with the average length and weight of spawners.
The impacts of sex ratio, stocking density, photoperiod, water salinity, and replacement period on spawning performance of Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Sex ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:7 (male:female), stocking densities of 2, 3.5, and 5 fish/m³, photoperiods of 6:18, 12:12, and 18:6 h (light:dark), water salinities of 0, 4, 8, and 12 ppt, and breeder replacement periods of 10 and 15 days were studied. Fecundity, breeder performance, eggs per day, spawning intervals, egg diameter, and egg weight were evaluated. Results showed that a stocking density of 5 fish/m³, photoperiod of 12:12 h, water salinity of 8 ppt, and 10-day replacement period had the best performance.
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