Spatial Variation in Soil Fertility Levels in the Sayed Ahmed Al-Rifai and Al-Salam Sub-Districs of Southern Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to identify the spatial variation in soil fertility levels in the Sid Ahmed al-Rifai and al-Salam sub districts of southern Iraq. Sixteen soil samples were collected and sent to the Youscience Scientific and Chemical Laboratory for analysis of fertility levels (organic matter % and NPK elements (ppm) ) . The coordinates of these samples were determined using a GPS device and plotted on a map of the study area, where the results of the laboratory analyses were compared with soil classification standards based on organic matter content and nutrient concentration levels (N, P, K) . The soils in the study area varied according to their fertility levels of organic matter, it was found that approximately (894.3) km2 of soils located  within the (medium) rating, representing (54.1%), while the largest proportion of nitrogen concentration (965.8) km2 located  within the (low concentration) rating, representing (58%). As for the phosphorus element, about (808.6) km2 located within the (low concentration) assessment, with a percentage of (48.8%). Finally, the potassium element, about (894.3) km2 located within the (low concentration) assessment, with a percentage of (54%). The results showed that the soils of the study area suffer from a deficiency of fertility elements (N.P.K) in general. Therefore, it is recommended to develop appropriate organic and mineral fertilization programs to provide the elements in particular to increase their fertility levels.