Effect of industrial emissions on haematological and biochemical parameters of Channa striata fresh water fish
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Fish are widely used for the assessment of aquatic environmental quality and are recognized as important bioindicators of environmental pollution. Studies on biochemical responses to toxic elements provide valuable information regarding the influence of external environmental conditions on the internal physiology of fish. Hematological parameters are considered useful indicators for monitoring fish health. In the present study, the hematological profile of the freshwater fish Channa striata was investigated.
Fish were divided into four groups, and each experimental group was exposed to 10 ppm concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and H₂S at intervals of 10 days over a period of 30 days. One group was maintained as the control without any treatment. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected to analyze hematological parameters. The evaluated blood parameters included RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
The results revealed that exposure to industrial gaseous pollutants such as SO₂, NO₂, and H₂S significantly reduced RBC count, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, and MCHC values. In contrast, WBC count increased noticeably, particularly in fish exposed to H₂S, compared with the other gaseous pollutants used in the study. These findings indicate that all tested industrial emissions induced hematotoxic effects in fish.
Additionally, biochemical parameters including moisture content, total ash, rehydration ratio, total sugars, proteins, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, and fat content were analyzed in both fresh and dried biomass of treated fish in comparison with the control group. The results demonstrated that exposure to SO₂, NO₂, and H₂S adversely affected not only the hematological profile but also significantly reduced the biochemical constituents of the freshwater fish Channa striata.
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