Assessing the Impact of Industrial Pollution on Water Quality in India: A Case Study of the Ganga River

Abstract

The study examines how industrial pollution affects the water quality of the Ganga River in India which is a source of water to millions of people. The primary objective is to assess contamination levels caused by industrial effluents and their effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Water quality data were collected from selected monitoring stations at Chausa near Buxar in Bihar, Ghazipur at Abdul Hameed Setu in Uttar Pradesh, and Bhagalpur at the Road Bridge in Bihar. Key parameters analyzed included biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, chlorides, total organic carbon, conductivity, water temperature, depth, and turbidity. The findings indicate that industrial discharge, particularly from textile and chemical industries, has significantly degraded river water quality. Areas with intense industrial activity show higher pollution levels, adversely affecting aquatic life and increasing risks to public health. The study emphasizes the urgent need for improved wastewater treatment technologies, stricter enforcement of pollution control regulations, and increased public awareness initiatives nationwide. It highlights the importance of collaboration among government agencies, industries, and local communities to reduce pollution and restore the river’s ecological health. This ensures long term protection of the river.