GIS Based Spatial Analysis of Soil Characteristics and Their Implication for Agribusiness Decision Making: A Case Study of Satara District

Abstract

Soil is a vital natural resource and its spatial variability profoundly influences agricultural productivity and the sustainability of agribusiness. This study presents a GIS based spatial analysis of soil types, depth, and pH in the Satara district of Maharashtra to evaluate their impact on agribusiness decision making. Analysis using multi layered GIS datasets including maps of soil texture and depth reveals significant variations across the district's eleven tehsil. Key findings indicate that loamy (34.15%) and clayey (29.91%) soils predominate in the district, while very shallow soils cover the largest area (34.07%). Calcareous soils occupy approximately 32% of the area and soil pH ranges from acidic in the western highlands to neutral alkaline in the central and eastern plains. The western Tehsil (Mahabaleshwar, Jaoli and Patan) feature shallow, clayey soils with an acidic tendency whereas the central and eastern talukas (Karad, Koregaon and Phaltan) contain deep clayey soils suitable for intensive crop cultivation. This study demonstrates that the integration of GIS based soil parameters enables precise zoning for crop suitability targeted input management, and risk assessment. Recommendations include cultivating sugarcane and cotton in deep clayey regions pearl millet and pulses in shallow alluvial areas and orchards in the western hilly tracts. This information assists farmers the agro-industry and policymakers in implementing precision agriculture and soil conservation strategies, as well as making informed investment decisions. The research facilitates evidence based agricultural planning across geographically diverse regions and aligns with national objectives regarding sustainable agriculture and the doubling of farmers' income.