Burden, Determinants, and Clinical Aspects of Allergic Disorders Among Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of allergic disorders among children under the age of seven in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 178 children aged ≤6 years using an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Sociodemographic data and clinical information regarding allergic conditions were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Results: Among the 178 participating children, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed bronchial asthma was 22.5%, hay fever was 7.5%, and eczema was 24.1%. There was no significant gender difference in asthma prevalence. A maternal history of asthma was significantly associated with the development of asthma in children (p < 0.05). Wheezing was significantly more common among asthmatic children. Additionally, children with asthma were more likely to suffer from hay fever or eczema (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Allergic disorders, particularly asthma, eczema, and hay fever, are prevalent among children under seven years in Jeddah. A family history of asthma, especially maternal, significantly increases the risk. These findings underscore the need for early detection and the implementation of national awareness programs focused on allergic disorders in early childhood across Saudi Arabia.