Knowledge and Perception of the Risks Associated with Occupational Infections among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Occupational infections remain a significant threat to healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, recurring outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the ongoing burden of bloodborne pathogens and frequent reports of sharps injuries make occupational infection risk a major occupational health concern. This article synthesizes available evidence on HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of infectious risks in Saudi Arabia; reviews epidemiology and common exposure pathways; examines psychological and workplace impacts observed during MERS and other events; discusses determinants of safe practice and persistent gaps; and offers practical recommendations for policy, training and workplace systems to reduce occupational infection. The review draws primarily on published studies performed in Saudi Arabia (including cross-sectional surveys, qualitative and mixed-methods work), regional literature and established international findings on occupational infection control. Key themes are: variable but generally improving knowledge among HCWs; perception of significant personal and family risk during outbreaks; important links between training, resources and safer behaviours; persistent problems with sharps injuries and work-related exposures; and the need for integrated, sustained systems (education, PPE supply, surveillance, immunization and safety culture) to protect HCWs. We conclude with prioritized, actionable recommendations for healthcare managers and policy makers in Saudi Arabia.