Speech Audiometry: Principles, Clinical Applications, and Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Nursing, Biomedical Technology, Epidemiological Surveillance, and Health Assistance

Abstract

Background: Speech audiometry is a cornerstone of modern audiological assessment that evaluates an individual's ability to detect, recognize, and understand spoken language. Unlike pure-tone audiometry, which measures hearing sensitivity across specific frequencies, speech audiometry assesses functional communication abilities and provides clinically relevant information regarding speech perception in everyday listening situations. It plays a critical role in diagnosing hearing disorders, guiding rehabilitation, optimizing hearing aid fitting, and evaluating communication outcomes across diverse patient populations. Aim: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, procedures, clinical applications, diagnostic value, and interdisciplinary significance of speech audiometry in nursing practice, biomedical technology, epidemiological surveillance, and health assistance services. Methods: A narrative review approach was employed to examine contemporary evidence and clinical concepts related to speech audiometry. The review addressed essential components of speech audiometric assessment, including Speech Awareness Threshold, Speech Recognition Threshold, Word Recognition Score, speech-in-noise testing, loudness measurements, calibration procedures, diagnostic applications, interpretation of findings, and factors influencing test performance. Interdisciplinary perspectives relevant to healthcare professionals involved in hearing assessment and rehabilitation were also explored. Results: Speech audiometry provides valuable information regarding functional hearing abilities that cannot be obtained through pure-tone testing alone. Key procedures such as SRT, WRS, HINT, and QuickSIN contribute to the identification of conductive, sensorineural, and retrocochlear disorders while supporting hearing aid selection, cochlear implant evaluation, and rehabilitation monitoring. Diagnostic tools including the Speech Intelligibility Index, speech banana concept, and rollover analysis enhance clinical interpretation. Conclusion: Speech audiometry remains an indispensable component of comprehensive hearing assessment. Its ability to evaluate real-world communication performance supports accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment planning, rehabilitation monitoring, and improved patient outcomes across multiple healthcare disciplines.