Effect of dietary dehydrated sour lemon peel (Citrus limon) powder on metabolic enzymes, serum biochemistry and stress status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juvenile
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Abstract
Lemon peel by-products contain bioactive compounds that may have beneficial effects on fish health. A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of dietary dehydrated lemon peel powder (DLPP) from Citrus limon on metabolic enzymes, serum components, and stress status of juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of 26.8 ± 1.9 g. Fish were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% DLPP, each with three replicates.
At the end of the feeding experiment, metabolic enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as serum biochemical parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, protein, and albumin, were evaluated. Stress indicators, including glucose and cortisol levels, were also assessed.
No significant differences in fish growth performance were observed among the treatments (p > 0.05). Fish fed with 1.5% DLPP showed a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). In addition, serum protein and albumin levels improved significantly in fish fed with 1.5% and 0.5% DLPP diets, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest AST, ALP, and ALT values were recorded in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in cortisol and glucose levels among the treatments (p > 0.05).
Overall, the results suggest that inclusion of 0.5% and 1.5% DLPP in the diet may improve metabolic enzyme activity, serum biochemical parameters, and stress resistance in juvenile rainbow trout.
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