Effect of Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation of Heavy Metal in Fish Physiology- A Review

Abstract

Heavy metals are one of the major parameters of concern for analysing pollution level in aquatic ecosystem. Contamination of heavy metal shows drastic degradation of health in fish and notably damages the water quality of rivers. Accumulation of heavy metal increases oxidative stress in fish and extreme effect of heavy metal act as carcinogenic element for fish. Histo-pathological alteration in fish also happens because of the exposure of heavy metal. Different haematological changes and biochemical alteration are introduced by heavy metal in fish. DNA and some genetic abnormalities also occur due to the over expression of heavy metal.Rapid urbanization and industrialization are considered to be the main reason for increasing pollution on riverine system. In this review paper, biochemistry of different heavy metals and effect of heavy metals in fish are analyzed. Main purpose of this study is to examine toxic forms and various toxic properties of heavy metals and how heavy metals harm physiological properties of living beings and what are the target organs in fish physiology for the effect of heavy metal contamination. In conclusion, it is clearly described the impact of heavy metal on fish health, reason behind the increase of heavy metals contamination and their preventive measure.