ntelligent Automation, Productivity and Employment Transformation in Emerging Economies

Abstract

The rapid development of technologies based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced automation has significantly transformed contemporary productive systems. In this context, this research analyzes the relationship between the adoption of intelligent automation technologies, economic productivity, and employment transformation in Latin American emerging economies during the period 2010–2024. The study adopts a quantitative explanatory approach using panel econometric models to evaluate the impact of technological automation on labor productivity and structural changes in labor markets. Explanatory variables include human capital, innovation investment, digital infrastructure, and business digitalization levels. Simulated econometric results indicate that technological automation has a positive and statistically significant relationship with labor productivity growth, while simultaneously reshaping occupational structures by increasing demand for advanced technological and cognitive skills. The findings suggest that emerging economies face the challenge of adapting education systems, labor policies, and innovation strategies to leverage automation benefits without exacerbating labor inequality.