Role of Green Technologies in Climate Change Mitigation: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Rising greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, industrialization, and unsustainable resource consumption have significantly contributed to global warming and environmental degradation. Green technologies offer innovative and sustainable solutions to mitigate climate change by reducing carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable resource management. This paper reviews the role of green technologies in climate change mitigation, highlighting key technological advancements, opportunities for sustainable development, existing challenges, and future directions. The study emphasizes renewable energy systems, green transportation, sustainable agriculture, waste management, carbon capture technologies, and smart infrastructure as critical components of climate action. The review concludes that effective policy support, technological innovation, and global collaboration are essential for maximizing the benefits of green technologies in achieving climate resilience and sustainable development goals. This review examines the role of green technologies in mitigating climate change through renewable energy, green buildings, sustainable transportation, smart agriculture, circular economy practices, and carbon capture technologies. It highlights benefits, challenges, policy implications, and future research directions.