Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) and its Relationship With Breast Cancer
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Abstract
The need for trustworthy indicators for early identification and assessment is highlighted by the fact that breast cancer is still one of the top causes of cancer-related mortality for women globally. This study investigated the role of Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. 66 patients with breast cancer and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of the MACC1 gene, with the 2-∆∆Ct method, while serum MACC1 protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between MACC1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including age, marital status, menopause, breastfeeding, smoking, and surgical history, were also analyzed. The results showed a highly significant elevation in both MACC1 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer patients, particularly in stages III and IV (P < 0.0001). ROC analysis demonstrated perfect diagnostic performance (AUC = 1.000). Higher MACC1 levels were associated with postmenopausal status, sebaceous cyst history, and unhealthy diet, whereas lower levels were linked to breastfeeding and mastectomy. Patients also showed elevated inflammatory indices and reduced hemoglobin. Overall, MACC1 appears to be a promising liquid biopsy biomarker for early promp recognition, prognosis, and monitoring of breast cancer progression.
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