Green Management Practice And Environmental Performance: A Cross Country Study Of Corporate Sustainability Practice

Abstract

This study investigates the relationships among Green Management Practice (GMP), Employee Environmental Engagement (EEE), and Environmental Perfor-mance (EP) across developed and developing economies, while testing the moder-ating effect of Country Context (CC). As a GMP strategy rooted in the Resource-Based View (RBV), the investigation seeks to explain how green management prac-tices can enhance sustainability outcomes via employee engagement across diverse institutional frameworks. The research was conducted using a quantitative, cross-country survey approach, collecting data from 199 GM practitioners based in vari-ous companies in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bahrain, the Middle East, and the United States through stratified sampling. Stratification was based on the World Bank’s (2024) income-level classifications to represent developed and developing country contexts. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Mod-eling (PLS-SEM). All the proposed hypotheses were supported except one. GMP impacted EP directly and significantly and impacted EEE strongly, which signifi-cantly predicted EP. EEE’s mediation of the effect of GMP on EP was validated, confirming the vital behavioral route by which management processes shape envi-ronmental outcomes. The moderating effect of Country Context was weakly signif-icant but implies that both the institutional and cultural context affect the degree to which these relationships hold. The results are of theoretical and practical significance by advancing GMP lit-erature into multi country contexts while providing practical recommendations for managers seeking to integrate management and sustained developmental objectives. This research also guides policymakers on the contextual determinants of green management application, underpinning focused environmental policy and multina-tional strategic management master plans.