To Assess The Prevalence Of Leg Swelling And The Probability Of Dvt Among College Students Using Calf Circumference Measurements And The Wells Score, And To Identify Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious vascular condition that can lead to life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. Although traditionally associated with older or hospitalized individuals, recent evidence indicates a rising trend among young adults, largely due to sedentary lifestyles and modifiable risk factors . Early identification using simple screening tools is essential for prevention. Objective: To assess the prevalence of leg swelling and the probability of DVT among college students using calf circumference measurements and the Wells Score, and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18–25 years at a college in Bengaluru. Data on demographics, lifestyle risk factors, and clinical measurements were collected. Calf circumference differences were measured, and DVT probability was assessed using the Wells Score. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential methods. Results: The mean age of participants was 21.5 ± 2.1 years, with equal gender distribution. Clinically significant leg swelling (>3 cm difference) was observed in 7% of students. Based on the Wells Score, 36% had low probability, 48% moderate, and 16% high probability of DVT. Prolonged sitting showed a significant association with leg swelling (p = 0.01). Higher BMI and low physical activity were significantly associated with increased DVT probability (p < 0.05), while gender, smoking, travel history, and oral contraceptive use showed no significant association. Conclusion: Although the overall prevalence of clinically significant DVT indicators is low among young adults, a considerable proportion falls into moderate-to-high risk categories. Modifiable factors such as sedentary behavior, higher BMI, and low physical activity significantly contribute to DVT risk. Simple, non-invasive screening tools like calf measurements and the Wells Score can be effectively used for early detection and preventive interventions in college settings.