Mathematical Analysis of Eco-Bricks: Environmental and Economic Impacts of Plastic Waste Utilization for Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Abstract

The increasing amount of plastic waste and the need for sustainable building materials have led to the search for alternative building solutions. This study investigates the feasibility of using shredded plastic waste as a partial substitute for sand in the production of eco-bricks. Eco-bricks were produced by replacing sand with shredded plastic in proportions ranging from 0 to 1 kg. Mechanical tests, including compressive strength and water absorption, were conducted to assess the material properties of the eco-bricks. Additionally, economic and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the profitability of the eco-bricks. The findings indicated that all mixtures had water absorption rates of less than 20 percent, indicating that they were highly durable. The compressive strength increases as the plastic content rises, with a 1 kg mix recording a compressive strength of 20.96 N/mm², which is higher than that of the control group. Economic analysis revealed that all mixes were profitable, with returns on investment (ROI) ranging from 15.33 to 34.28. The sensitivity analysis also showed that mixes containing 0.25 to 1 kg of plastic generated profitability, even though profitability decreased with increasing cement prices. These findings suggest that eco-bricks made from plastic waste are technically and economically promising options for reducing waste and promoting eco-friendly construction methods. Future research should focus on the long-term performance and environmental impact of these eco-bricks on a larger scale to further confirm their practical application in the construction industry.