A Cubic Demand-Oriented Decision Model For Products Experiencing Partial Backlogging, Deterioration, And Amelioration

Abstract

Effective inventory management is essential for organizations that aim to reduce waste, control expenses, and maintain product quality in changing market conditions. In many real situations, stored items may deteriorate over time or improve when proper maintenance is applied, which makes it important to use a model that reflects both behaviors accurately. To support this need, the study develops a modified Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model that includes deterioration, amelioration, cubic demand, and partial backlogging, while also integrating a set of additional eco-friendly cost components that represent sustainable and responsible business practices. These environmentally aligned costs capture modern operational efforts such as reducing material waste, promoting greener storage and packaging choices, and encouraging social and environmental responsibility within the inventory system. By combining these sustainability-based costs with traditional EOQ cost elements, the model provides a more realistic and up-to-date assessment of total inventory expenses. The inclusion of these eco friendly factors helps organizations understand how sustainable actions influence ordering decisions, and although they add new cost elements, they contribute to long-term efficiency by lowering avoidable losses, improving resource usage, and supporting environmentally conscious inventory policies.Using these conditions, the model helps determine the best time to order and the best order quantity that will minimize the total inventory cost.