Evaluation Of Bioactive Compounds and In Vitro Antiinflammatory Activity of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Coriandrum sativum L
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Abstract
Plants serve as valuable sources of medicines, with medicinal plants being considered a healthy source of life. The current study analyzed the phytochemical properties of coriander extracts using water, ethanol, and petroleum ether. The extracts were tested for phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, phenols, and anthocyanins. Alkaloids were present in all three extracts of both seeds and leaves, while flavonoids were available with seeds only. Steroids and terpenoids showed their presence only with water and ethanol extracts. Reducing sugars found in all extracts except aqueous seed extract. Saponins were mostly present in the seed extracts, while tannins were predominantly present in the leaf extracts. UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed that the plant parts were enriched with many significant compounds, which could be correlated with the medicinal properties of the plant. Free radical scavenging activity on DPPH was studied with all three extracts (aqueous, ethanol, and petroleum ether) at various concentrations. The highest activity was noticed with the ethanolic extract of seeds (92.70%), while leaf extracts also showed high activity. However, extracts with petroleum ether showed poor results compared to aqueous or ethanolic extracts (12.9 and 16.9%). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was measured in terms of HRBC membrane stabilization. The extracts with water and ethanol showed significant antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities. Correlating the results of the preliminary phytochemical analysis with biological activities, it is evident that the bioactive compounds might have been a steroid or terpenoids derivative. Compounds with membrane stabilizing properties are known for their ability to interfere with the release of phospholipases that trigger the formation of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes.