Assessment of Bacterial Contamination in Ice Used in Drinking Water

Abstract

This study aims to assess bacterial contamination in ice intended for use in drinking water and to examine factors associated with microbiological quality. A cross-sectional laboratory-based design is proposed in which ice samples are collected from selected food-service establishments, retail outlets, and/or institutional settings. Samples will be analyzed using validated microbiological methods for indicator organisms and, where laboratory capacity permits, selected pathogenic bacteria. Environmental and handling information will also be recorded, including ice source, storage conditions, scoop handling, container cleanliness, and water source. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression will be used to explore relationships between bacterial counts and handling or environmental factors. The study may provide evidence to support safer ice production, storage, and handling practices.