Assessment of Medication Storage, Self-Medication, Polypharmacy and Medication Adherence through Home Medication Review among Geriatric Population

Abstract

Introduction: Home Medication Review (HMR) is a patient-centered service aimed at optimizing medication use and improving therapeutic outcomes, particularly in the geriatric population. Elderly patients often suffer from multiple chronic conditions, leading to polypharmacy, poor medication adherence, and increased risk of drug related problems. Additionally, improper medication storage and self-medication practices further compromise treatment safety and effectiveness. Therefore, evaluating these factors through home-based assessment is essential to enhance rational drug use and patient care. Objectives:• To assess the pattern and appropriateness of medication storage practices among the geriatric population. • To evaluate the prevalence and types of self-medication practice • To determine the extent of polypharmacy • To assess medication adherence Results:A total of 300 geriatric patients were included in the study. The majority (80%) had at least one chronic condition, with diabetes (42.4%) and hypertension (40.2%) being most common. About 85% of patients were on regular medication. Medication storage was mainly in cupboards (47.3%) and boxes (30.7%), while 11% never checked expiry dates. Regarding disposal, 56% returned expired medicines to pharmacies, whereas others used unsafe methods like throwing or burning. Self-medication was widely practiced, with 67% reporting occasional use, mainly due to previous experience (60.7%). Common conditions for self-medication included fever (38.7%), cough (31.5%), and acidity (28.1%). Herbal medicines (60%) and antibiotics (42.6%) were frequently used. These findings highlight gaps in safe medication practices among the elderly. Conclusion:The study concludes that medication-related issues such as improper storage, self-medication, and potential polypharmacy are prevalent among the geriatric population. Home Medication Review serves as an effective tool to identify these problems and improve medication adherence, safety, and overall health outcomes. Implementing targeted educational interventions and pharmacist-led counseling can significantly enhance rational medication use and quality of life in elderly patients.