Morphological Variability and Socio-Economic Roles of Moringa Oleifera in Hyper-Arid Environment (Adrar: Algerian Sahara Desert)

Abstract

The introduction of Moringa oleifera Lam. in hyper-arid regions of Algeria was assessed through morphological, nursery, and socio-economic studies in Adrar Province. Field data showed high germination (95%) and good seedling growth, confirming adaptability to extreme conditions. Morphological traits of mature trees revealed strong variability, suggesting genetic diversity. A survey of 30 respondents indicated multiple uses: medicinal (100%), nutritional (43%), cosmetic (23%), and fodder (minor). Principal Component Analysis highlighted that older farmers dominate cultivation, while younger respondents focus on marketing. Overall, M. oleifera demonstrates ecological adaptation and socio-economic potential as a multi-purpose species for food security, health, and rural livelihoods in Saharan Algeria.