Effectiveness of a Page-Flip Training Module to Improve Critical Nurses’ Emergency Preparedness and Quality of Care During Hajj

Abstract

Background: Hajj is a major annual event attended by millions and puts a significant strain on the health system, especially critical care nurses caring for trauma, heat-related illness, infection control and emergencies. Gaps in preparedness, workload, stress, communication and unmet nursing needs can impact emergency preparedness and quality of care. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a Page-Flip Training Module on critical care nurses' emergency preparedness and quality of care during Hajj. Methods: The study adopted a systematic review method to review studies published from 2020 to 2026. A search of literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar using keywords: Hajj, critical care nurses, emergency preparedness, digital learning, simulation training, ICT-based training, and quality of care. The literature selection process used PRISMA guidelines and a quality assessment tool was used to assess the studies' quality. Moreover, a research matrix was created to gather information about each study, including their findings and significance. Results: The reviewed literature has moderate levels of preparedness gaps among nurses during Hajj due to lack of practical training, role ambiguity, workload, stress, communication, and staffing issues. There is evidence that training programs, simulation exercises, flipped learning, ICT-based learning, and psychological support enhance nurses' preparedness, confidence, decision-making, response time, adherence to protocol and quality of care. Conclusion: The Page-Flip Training Module could be a valid, convenient, and tailored educational strategy for enhancing critical care nurses' emergency readiness and quality of care during Hajj.