Challenges in Handling Biomedical Waste at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is a critical aspect of hospital hygiene and infection control. Inadequate handling of such waste poses serious health risks to healthcare workers, patients, and the community. This study aimed to assess the compliance and challenges in biomedical waste management practices in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted over six weeks using direct observation and key informant interviews. A structured checklist was used across 34 units, including ICUs, general wards, emergency, and labour wards. In-depth interviews were conducted with biomedical waste handlers, nursing officers, and hospital administrators, and thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that 64.7% of the wards demonstrated good BMW management practices (score ≥25), 17.6% were average (score 20–24), and 17.6% were poor (score <20). Good compliance was observed in ICUs, while general wards, especially orthopaedics and paediatrics, had lower scores. Qualitative findings identified gaps such as lack of regular training, inadequate bin colour coding, and poor supervision as key challenges. Discussion: Despite overall satisfactory compliance, inconsistencies in practices across departments highlight the need for standardized training, regular monitoring, and better infrastructure. Strengthening these areas can ensure safer and more efficient waste management aligned with national guidelines.