Minerals in the regulation of molt and other physiological functions of crustaceans

Abstract

Minerals are essential for maintaining various physiological functions in crustaceans, including the process of molting. Molting (ecdysis) is a critical physiological process that enables growth and regeneration through the periodic shedding of the old exoskeleton and subsequent formation and hardening of a new exoskeleton. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Phosphorus are among the most important minerals, playing a crucial role in regulating the molt cycle and other physiological activities. Trace elements, though required only in small amounts, are equally vital for maintaining physiological balance and ensuring successful molting. Iron, zinc, chromium, copper, manganese, and selenium support various biological functions, such as enzymatic activity, immune regulation, oxidative stress control, and energy metabolism. Both a deficiency and an excess of these minerals can disrupt molting, reduce survival rates and impair growth. This review highlights the influence of various minerals on the growth and physiological health of crustaceans.