International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies
Assessment of nano-particles for the removal of bacteria and viruses from aquatic systems
Utilising a designed material or finished product with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm is the foundation of nanotechnology's enabling power. In addition to their size and optical characteristics, nanomaterials also differ from bulk materials in terms of their composition, shape, surface layer, reactivity, and toxicity, among other physical and chemical characteristics. With over 1800 nanoproducts currently available on the market, nanotechnology is expected to transform product development and manufacturing, potentially generating up to three trillion US dollars in global economic output by 2020. Direct exposure and its effects on certain aquatic creatures are the main topics of studies on the safety of nanomaterials in aquatic environments. Little is known about how nanomaterials interact with biotic and abiotic elements and how this affects creatures in the food web at the cellular and molecular level. The interaction and impacts of the most common metal nanoparticles in the aquatic environment have been examined in this paper. To harness the power of this enabling technology, nanotechnology, "safe by design" nanomaterials will be developed as a result of the current work's understanding of the eco-bio-compatibility of these novel materials.
Development of nano-based systems for aquatic ecosystem management
The detection of biomolecules has advanced quickly as a result of the biotechnology revolution. One way to effectively utilise these developments is through nanotechnology, which can be used to create continuous environmental monitoring systems. Although it has long been recognised that bacteria play a significant role in regulating a wide range of environmental processes, genomic research has only recently made it feasible to comprehend biological diversity in environmental systems. It will be essential to identify biological species through genetic analysis and evaluate the proteins that are being expressed in order to completely comprehend the interactions of biological systems in the environment. The capacity to perform biological analysis at incredibly low concentrations, beyond the detection limits of current biological sensors, will be necessary for this. Furthermore, it will be essential to measure a huge number of chemical and biological species at the same time and correlate these results across a wide range of length scales, from sub-micrometer to hundreds of kilometres, in order to completely comprehend environmental systems. Studies of the effects of combustion-generated nanoscale particles in ambient air on human cardiovascular health from a toxicological, epidemiological, and human health perspective are inconclusive when the bulk chemical composition of the particles is correlated with physiological response or health effects (health endpoints). As a result, measuring methods that differentiate the bulk particle interior from the chemical makeup and structure of particle surface layers are required. Targeting a particular molecule or chemical is the foundation of the majority of biological measurement methods currently in use. Measurement and sensing devices that can evaluate biological variety in the environment are necessary because the majority of microbial species are unknown.
Evaluating the impact of marine protected areas on fisheries
The number of people is constantly increasing. However, natural resources are either declining or staying relatively stable. Fisheries resources are dwindling, much like all other natural resources, hence it is unrealistic to expect them to meet the demands of an expanding human population. In actuality, many of the world's fisheries have maintained a steady output in recent years. The state of the world's fisheries can be attributed to countless factors. Among them, two significant factors that impede the expansion of fisheries resources are environmental degradation and inadequate fisheries management. Many fisheries around the world have declined or even collapsed as a result of environmental contamination and ineffective resource management. Stocking fish in their early life stages is one method of fishery management that can help prevent extinction and encourage widespread production. This technique is used to ensure that coastal and marine regions continue to produce. Only after World War II did people realise how important it was for India's fishing industry to grow. Because of this, marine fisheries have been overfished in several Indian coastal regions over the years. The current study offers a thorough summary of the socioeconomic characteristics, living and working conditions, technological adaptation, employment and income trends of the fishing community, and the effects of marine protected area fisheries.
Integration of artificial intelligence and remote sensing for predictive monitoring of aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic ecosystems have the potential to be the most responsive to environmental changes, and adaptive management should incorporate innovative technologies, considering the scale and dynamic nature of ecosystem changes. This research develops the first step in this direction by integrating Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Technologies for predictive and continuous monitoring of the health of aquatic ecosystems. This methodology, named AI-REM (Artificial Intelligence-Remote Ecosystem Monitoring), is based on the use of Remote Sensing-derived indices of ecosystem health, such as NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), Chlorophyll-a concentration, and turbidity, and combined with in situ macro water quality data. The disparate data are integrated in an innovative way using a hybrid deep learning architecture designed for this purpose that combines CNNs to extract spatial features and LSTMs to predict values over time. Dynamic predictions of critical eco-forecasting models are provided for dissolving nutrient levels, predicting hypoxia, nutrient loading, and algal bloom formation. Validation of these models on coastal water and inland water bodies for multiple years predicts over 92% accuracy, which is significantly higher than the accuracy of traditional models using regression and random forest approaches. This is the first application of AI remote predictive analytics to ecosystem monitoring, which not only improves forecasting for integrated water resource management but also sustains early action on climate change.
Ziyoda Muminova, Muhamed Husseyn, Dedakhanov Abdumalik Mutalliyevich, Karthik. K, Neetish Kumar
Real-time detection of microplastics in aquatic environments using emerging technologies
Microplastics pose a serious risk to biodiversity in the oceans and to global public health. Detecting microplastics in ocean water can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, limiting the sorts of ongoing assessments one can complete, and it is especially true of recent techniques like spectroscopy and microscopy. A method outline is proposed in which microplastics can be detected in real time, and the automatic classification of microplastics is achieved using machine learning. The design involves AI-enhanced optical sensors and IoT devices that collect the data. It recommends real-time in situ particle detection using fluorescence optical sensors and classification of spectro morphological dendritic microplastics using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). It detects and classifies microplastics while also telling the difference between organic and inorganic particulates. Real-time data and visual analytics, using a cloud-based IoT platform, can be used for pollution forecasting and environmental Monitoring. The methodology proposes validated field work in both freshwater and estuarine environments, which resulted in an average classification accuracy of 95.8 percent and real-time processing latency of less than 2.3 seconds per sample. Using advanced sensors to combine AI and IoT provides the ability to monitor microplastics in real time as a scalable solution. It enables the active control of contaminated water and the preservation of water bodies.
Feruza Azizova, Muntader Mhsnhasan, Giyosiddinov Abdurakhim Nasritdin ugli, Krishnamurthy Kumar, Venu Anand Das Vaishnav
Analyzing the economic benefits of sustainable water management practices
The Indian Sundarbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is facing severe water management challenges due to climate change, population growth, and economic development. This study analyzes the economic benefits of sustainable water management practices in the Indian Sundarbans. This study examines the economic benefits of sustainable water management practices in the Indian Sundarbans. Using a combination of literature review, case study, and economic analysis, we find that sustainable water management practices can generate significant economic benefits, including increased crop yields, reduced water treatment costs, job creation, and livelihood improvement. Our results show that sustainable water management practices can increase crop yields by up to 30%, reduce water treatment costs by up to 50%, and create up to 10,000 jobs in the region. We also estimate that the ecosystem services provided by sustainable water management practices are valued at up to $1.3 billion annually. Our findings have important implications for policy and decision-making on sustainable water management practices in the Indian Sundarbans. Water protection and management is vital for socioeconomic development and ecological diversity. Groundwater resources are of key importance to sustainable development. While planning for the urban settlement and industries, the occurrence of adequate water resource is the crucial component for the life. The aim of the study is to analyses the rapid industrialization and economic development leading to a tremendous increase in the use of groundwater.
Spatial and temporal changes of vegetation cover in karbala using vegetation index difference
The research aims to calculate the spatial and temporal changes in the study area, where the analysis of satellite images from the Moon (Land Sat) that were taken for the years (1993, 2008, 2023) was relied upon. It is noted that the area of vegetation cover was in 1993 about (971.05) km2, while the area of vegetation cover in 2008 became about (1012.6) km2, but in 2023 it became about (1422.64) km2. The research problem emerged what trends of change in the area of vegetation cover in the holy province of Karbala, spatially and temporally using RS. By comparing the area of vegetation cover in the period, we find that the area of variable vegetation cover is equal to 41 km2. The area of vegetation increased in 2023, where it became 1422 km2, where the area of agricultural land was 951 km2, constituting a percentage of 67%, while the area of natural plant was 471 km2, constituting a percentage of 33%, which means that there is a positive change of an area of about 480 km2, that is, the area of agricultural land is increasing, while the area of natural plant is decreasing 230 km2. The beginning was with the spread of modern agriculture in the Karbala Plateau, but at a slow pace at the beginning. In 2010, the signs of success appeared on the experience. Quick and serious steps began to take advantage of these areas of neglected desert land. It seems that modern agriculture using axial sprinklers was the main step in success until it reached its peak at the end of 2023, and the total area became about 1031.43 km2. The use of remote sensing techniques is an important means of extracting sensitive and accurate information about the characteristics of any target on the surface of the earth and the emergency changes that occur to that target, as well as determining the extent of vegetation cover change in the research area caused by a variety of natural and human factors.
Lamyaa Abed Taha Al- Edhari, Mahmood Badir Alsamee
Hypoxia-induced shifts in aquatic food webs and species vulnerability in polluted waters
Hypoxia refers to a lack of dissolved Oxygen in the environment. It can be caused by pollution and can lead to nutrient enrichment. This research focuses on how hypoxia impacts the structure and functioning of food webs and the resulting impacts on trophic relationships and species susceptibility. The oxygen depletion impacts on biodiversity and the compartment (ecosystem) stability motivate the integration of oxygen depletion as a variable in the trophic and food webs. The suggested approaches involve in-situ water quality monitoring, trophic and food web analysis, stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), and the EwE (Ecopath with Ecosim) modeling to analyze energy flow impacts of varying oxygen levels. In the research, hypoxic area spatial analysis will be done by interpolating dissolved Oxygen and nutrients using GIS. Species vulnerability and resilience in heavily polluted waters will be predicted using Random Forest and PCA clustering. Results should show how prolonged hypoxia shrinks available habitats, decompresses them, and promotes species like detritivores and other opportunists. Top predators in the food chain become less abundant, and aggregate system resilience declines. Impacts should lead to the formulation of advanced pollution mitigation and hypoxia recovery approaches.
Turdikul Bobomuratov, Haassan Mohmedmhdi, Abdumutalliev Abdulakhad Abdusamad ugli, Rajendran Palanivelu, Harish Jaiswal
Exploring the microbiomes of freshwater and marine ecosystems as key players in aquatic species health
Microbial communities consist of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, and are critical to the health, resiliency, and ecological balance in both marine and freshwater systems. They help maintain environmental equilibrium. There is increasing curiosity about the differences, at a gross level, in the structure and function of freshwater and marine microbiomes, although comparative studies remain limited. This study analyzes the compositional and functional diversity of the microbial consortia in different aquatic systems within the spectrum of their contributions to enhanced immunity, nutrient cycling, and possible disease antagonism... An integrated framework of Metagenomic Host Interaction Profiling (MHIP) is introduced, where community structure is determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and metagenomic analysis is followed by machine learning correlation mapping to enable the understanding of community dynamics and their impact on specific host physiological attributes. Sampling was performed to capture spatial variability and the impact of anthropogenic activities, ranging from the freshwater environments (lakes, rivers) to the marine environments (estuaries, coastal zones). Preliminary analysis shows marine microbiomes to be taxonomically more complex with functional redundancy than freshwater systems, where more specialized symbiotic relationships are encountered and driven by environmental factors. The MHIP framework can be described as an exceptional diagnostic tool in species health evaluation based on microbial signatures and can aid targeted aquaculture and biodiversity maintenance.
Ma’ruf Karimov, Rame Riadhusin, Ibragimov Ulmas Rakhmanovich, Yeshwanth Raj, Deepak Kumar Sahu
Biodiversity assessment of mangrove forest ecosystems in tropical coastal regions
Mangrove forests are marine ecosystems with a high ecological significance, having crucial services such as stabilizing the shore, carbon-sequestration, and shelter to various aquatic organisms. The current study was a determination of the accessed tropical coastal mangrove locations to measure the trends of biodiversity, which were conducted based on the use of statistical analysis. Field surveys were carried out along with environmental parameters and vegetation sampling and the metrics of biodiversity were introduced Shannon-Wiener Index (H), Simpson Diversity Index (D), and Pielou Evenness Index (J); to measure species richness, diversity, and the structure of the community. The environmental field survey and statistical test outcomes showed that there was spatial variability on biodiversity in that the undisturbed studies had significantly higher values on H (up to 3.42) and D (up to 0.91) and that was an indication of a stable and heterogeneous species composition. On the other hand, the disturbed and degraded sites had a lower value of diversity and overgrew species that have stress tolerant characteristics. Correlation analysis revealed that soil organic matter had a strong positive correlation with species richness (r = 0.74) and negative correlation with salinity (r = 0.62), which is an indication of the effect of abiotic factors on biodiversity distribution. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) showed that salinity, soil texture and organic carbon were salient drivers of the environmental variables that explained 78.6 percent overall variance among sites. These were the results of these analyses that show that both environmental gradients and anthropogenic activities are not only significant factors that can influence the dynamics of mangrove communities, but that also should be the target of conservation activities.
Engr Firash Zhed Ututalum, Dr. Charisma S. Ututalum, Dr. Pooja Varma, Krysha C. Samparani, Dr. Asit Prasad Dash, Dr. Nirjara Singhvi
Investigating the role of women in small-scale fisheries
The main participants in the processing, marketing, and sale of the catch are the women fishermen. The local economy, household incomes, and food security are all boosted by the women who manage the catch and sell the fish for cash and food when it has landed. Fish vendors must transport their goods to marketplaces, in contrast to males whose labor is mostly restricted to the sea, river, or lake. They must deal with the law and the public. They frequently have to cope with ingrained biases and a variety of issues during this process (ICSF, 2010). As women, members of fishing communities, members of the already marginalized Latin Catholic and Dheevara communities, and fish dealers, women suffer four forms of discrimination from the mainstream culture. Because they belong to the fishing community and sell fish as a living, they are shunned by mainstream social groups. They also face discrimination as women in a community that is dominated by men.
Impact of ocean circulation changes on phytoplankton populations in the context of climate change
The use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to improve Nile tilapia's disease resistance genetically remains uncharted, as the present study shows. With respect to the immune regulatory genes TLR5, MHC II, and IFN-γ, the study realized remarkable editing (87.5%) and improvement of resistance to pathogens with minimal off-target editing. The increase of immune genes, along with high relative percent survival (up to 88%), affirmed the improvement of innate and adaptive immune systems. The results illustrated the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to transform biotechnology in fish breeding to a radical level. The extensive use of CRISPR technology illustrated its potential to transform biotechnology in the fish industry. The interaction of various approaches (multi-omics), such as transcriptomics and functional assays, is what makes target definition and functional validation effective in reducing the potential impacts of non beneficial edits. Safe and efficient nanoparticle-mediated RNP delivery systems are a means of reducing regulatory and environmental concerns associated with editing systems. This serves as evidence of a practical and reproducible framework relative to the use of sustainable aquaculture. Incorporating individual genomics, especially CRISPR Cas9 technology, into the genetics of aquatic species must consider sustainable application frameworks to avoid overexploitation of the technology's potential. For instance, editing of multi-gene networks opens new possibilities. Processing CRISPR modifications focused on immune networks will result in systems balanced with tolerances to the disease. Environmentally sound and tissue-specific delivery designs will continue to hold importance. Therefore, the use of biodegradable and pH-regulated nanoparticles will aid in targeted and tissue-specific delivery. Sustained improvement will be essential to optimize gains in the edited fish populations, and this will require assessment over generations to determine growth, reproduction, stress, and other physiological parameters to determine fish balance, so the edited traits are positive and heritable. CRISPR-Cas variant systems and other base editors, like Cas12a, Cas13, and prime editing, will be able to precisely silence genes, control the regulation of genes, and avoid double-strand breaks. Responsible use will come with ethical and regulatory integration. Risk assessment, public engagement, and biosafety guidelines can connect social acceptance to commercial use. Sustainable aqua farming combines and integrates innovative biotechnological solutions aimed at the global market and focuses on developing resilient and disease-tolerant aqua farming systems. This involves the collection and analysis of relevant information, streamlining the identification of innovative techniques for disease resistance, and monitoring the relevant data for systems pertaining to sustainable aquaculture.
FeruzaFeruza Azizova, Saef Obidhusin, Muhidinov Ayubbek Nuritdinovich, Rajan P, Tripti Dewangan
Human-computer interaction for aquatic animal tracking and monitoring water quality parameters
Water monitoring is a crucial task in aquaculture to improve productivity. Researchers have concentrated on using reagent-free sensor setups and wireless sensor setups to monitor water quality parameters such as temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, etc. For shrimp farming, manual monitoring necessitates a competent individual to keep an eye on the pond water quality, shrimp survival habitat, diseased shrimp, appropriate shrimp diet, fertiliser addition to maintain water quality, etc. Manual monitoring is challenging around-the-clock. Aquatic habitat is stressed by abrupt climate changes, dissolved oxygen shortages, temperature variations, and pH level modifications. The aqua fauna becomes ill or dies as a result, which lowers productivity. Therefore, the development of a remote monitoring system for prawn cultivation is necessary. The goal of this research project is to create a system for remote aqua monitoring. The majority of individuals on the planet use smartphones in today's highly technologically evolved environment. These days, farmers are also capable of using smartphones. This encourages the researcher to use Android application development to create a remote aqua monitoring system.
Design and development of a database management system for aquatic research data
Enhancing and digitising aqua farming requires a framework for collecting databases and continuous observing of numerous functional parts of water cultivating. The security and development of customary aquatic cultivating, particularly in precipitous locales with supportable advancement objectives, can benefit from the application of cutting-edge technology that enable data collecting and real-time monitoring. The aqua resources' geotagging and geomapping will be crucial for tracking the species in the amphibian climate. These innovations can follow the wellbeing, position, and development of aquatic species in real time, as well as their feeding habits. Using geographical data, this study suggested an IoT-based architecture for managing the aqua resource for environmental sustainability. The development of a data set for water asset the executives and the electronic system for the fisheries industry based on geoinformation systems (GIS) and geopositioning systems (GPS) were also included in this study. The findings of the fishpond in the cloud server and the database creation for water asset the executives are point by point in the review. The framework incorporates machine learning (ML) to examine sensor and geospatial data in order to detect any deterioration in the quality of the water. This would give policymakers up-to-date information for crucial decisions on the continued development of aquatic species to boost the state's economy and aqua farmers' livelihoods.
Macrophytes' function in bio-geochemical cycling and aquatic ecosystem maintenance of homeostasis
The Homeostasis of Phosphorus (HP) in subterranean macrophytes (MP) influences the vulnerability of lakes to phase transitions; the processes connecting submerged MP HP to these alterations remain ambiguous. Eutrophication (EP) significantly affects plant stoichiometric properties and physiological condition by modifying nutrition and light accessibility in the water column. The mechanisms connecting plant functional features with the framework of ecosystems to explain the loss of submerged MPs remain inadequately clarified. Following a field examination of 25 macrophytic shallow-water lakes on the Yangtze Plain, the research established a plant trait system at the whole-plant level to identify the pivotal features of submerged MPs that exert key regulatory influence on plant phenotype. The findings indicated that Phosphorus (P) contents in organs (leaves, stems, and roots), starch, and Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate (TNC) levels were essential features. The organ starches and TNC aligned with the findings from the experiment-based networks derived from a three-month manipulation study. The mechanisms connecting the hub qualities to essential elements of ecological function were meticulously examined utilizing field investigation data. The stoichiometric HP, starch, and TNC positively correlated with species predominance and population at the species scale and neighborhood population at the group level. Diminished community biomass and elevated nutrient levels and nutrient ratios in plants resulting from EP suggest reducing the carbon sink within biomass, which promotes litter breakdown rates and the cycling of nutrients. Modifying plant reactions to EP reveals stoichiometric and physiological responses that connect plant traits with the environmental framework, which has significant consequences for comprehending ecological processes. These findings aid in the effective management of restoring submerged MPs and environmental offerings.
Evaluating effects of bycatch and fisheries-induced evolution on oceanic trophic systems
Human activities, particularly fishing, have been recognized as a primary contributor to the decline in biodiversity in the open ocean. This article examines the diversity trends and ecological characteristics of bycatch populations in Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and Free School settings within the tropical tuna purse-seine fisheries in the eastern Atlantic Seaboard. Information was gathered from scientific observer programs conducted from 2000 to 2025 aboard Spanish and French ships. Based on the fishing method, the findings indicated varying structural and diversity trends in bycatch assemblies, revealing more species and variety in FAD sets compared to Free School settings. Bycatch populations showed preferences for particular oceanographic features of the Atlantic Seaboard, including the tropical and annual coastal rising structures, the Cape Lopez front structure, and the Guinea domes. The kind of habitat and surface water temperature significantly influence the diversity trends of these organisms. These findings validate the necessity of incorporating several methodologies to investigate the marine environment for the practical application of the Ecosystem Approaches to Fishery Management (EAFM).
Mangrove sediment ecological and biogeochemical significance for blue carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestered by vegetated coastal environments (Blue Carbon (BC)) helps alleviate anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, its efficacy varies with the geographic region of concern. A literature analysis aggregating Carbon Sequestration (CS) levels across essential communities establishes that BC environments represent the most effective natural carbon sinks at the plot size. Still, specific neglected biogeochemical processes result in overestimation. The restricted spatial distribution of coastal ecosystems constrains their worldwide impact, mitigating merely 0.46% of the global fossil fuel carbon dioxide released in 2024. BC is significant for nations with modest fossil fuel production and substantial coastal areas. In 2024, mangroves reduced more than 2% of national fossil fuel pollution. Given that the Paris Agreement relies on locally decided investments, the research suggests that mangrove BC could aid in environmental abatement with other BC habitats.
Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 for genomic improvement of disease resistance in aquatic species
Aquaculture has become one of the fastest-growing food production sectors worldwide. However, the rapid growth of this sector is threatened by the sustainability of aquaculture. Infectious diseases occur, which negatively impact production, product quality, and the economic viability of the sector. The use of traditional approaches in breeding and vaccines has not produced anything durable in the way of disease resistance for the numerous species of aquaculture products. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for genome editing and modification has changed the game in aquaculture. This is the first technology that allows for the precise, efficient, and heritable changes to be made to genes that influence the immune system and resistance to pathogens. This review focuses on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the aquaculture industry, particularly on fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. It describes the process of gene selection and editing, the delivery of the gene editing tools, and how to prevent unwanted changes that CRISPR tools might cause (Luo et al., 2022). The review also addresses the possible synergy of CRISPR with the omics technologies for next-generation commercial aquaculture. It is suggested that aquaculture sectors with genetically modified CRISPR-Cas9 technology would remove food insecurity and promote sustainable aquaculture on a global level.
Impact of manmade inputs on ocean alkalinity and effect on calcifying marine organisms
Biological procedures in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean (SO) significantly influence global productivity and the storage of oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2). This study illustrates that biological calcification in the SO significantly influences the worldwide distribution of alkalinity (AK). The hallmark of SO calcification is manifested in observations as a reduction of potential AK in Subantarctic Phase and Intermediate Waters sections. Studies utilizing an ocean overall circulation modeling demonstrate that the calcification and consequent descent of biogenic carbonate in this area efficiently facilitates the movement of AK across the upper and lower units of the meridional overturning cycle. The calcification in the SO sequesters AK in the deep sea; a reduction in calcification allows greater AK to escape from the SO, resulting in elevated AK in the upper cell and low-latitude waterways. These processes affect carbon partitioning between the upper atmosphere and the ocean due to manmade inputs. Decreases in calcification in the SO augment the buffering capacity of surface waters worldwide, improving the ocean's capability to sequester atmospheric carbon. This investigation emphasizes the essential function of SO calcification in shaping worldwide AK patterns, indicating that alterations in this process have extensive repercussions on the air-sea exchange of CO2.
Evaluation of the ecosystem of agricultural soils in al-hira sub-district
The results of the analyses indicate that the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in all the locations of agricultural soils in Al-Hira sub-district indicates the presence of pollution due to human and animal wastes, which occurred through the use of wastewater to irrigate farmlands. They discovered that the highest rates of the E. coli bacteria occurred during spring and autumn seasons which are linked with good temperatures and humidity that supports the activity and reproduction process of the bacteria. On the other hand, minimum was recorded during winter and summer since the conditions of climatic conditions are not conducive to the growth of bacteria as they are harsh.
Evaluating the impact of communities-based fisheries education program on local communities attitudes towards sustainable fishing practices
Effective fisheries management requires environmentally literate persons who can make wise judgments. Programs for environmental education that emphasize fisheries may contribute to the development of environmental literacy. The scholarly field of overseeing and it is designated "fisheries schooling." with an end goal to introduce an extensive image of fisheries, this multidisciplinary science consolidates components from limnology, oceanography, freshwater science, sea life science, meteorology, preservation, environment, populace elements, financial matters, measurements, choice examination, the board, and numerous different fields to understand fisheries. In many instances, new fields have developed, such as fisheries law and bioeconomics. Fisheries scientists frequently employ techniques from a wide range of academic fields because the field is so comprehensive. Fish stocks (populations) have declined in many areas over the past few decades, and worries about the effects of intense fishing on freshwater and marine biodiversity have grown.
An all-inclusive analysis on eutrophication dynamics and their impact on marine and limnological systems
This paper analyzes Eutrophication (EP) in freshwater environments, a prevalent environmental concern resulting from inadequate nutrient influx, primarily due to anthropogenic activity. The research examines the origins, effects, evaluation methods, and EP management strategies. The principal causes encompass agricultural runoff, urban expansion, and climatic changes. The consequences are extensive, influencing biodiversity, the quality of water, and socio-economic elements. The evaluation employs a synthesis of chemical, physical, and biological indicators, enhanced by advanced technology such as satellite imagery to augment monitoring initiatives. Mitigation solutions are varied, encompassing preventative interventions, remedial measures, and regulatory efforts. Examples illustrate successful solutions but highlight persistent concerns, notably environmental instability and the impacts of climate change. The study underscores the potential of developing technology, particularly neural networks, in improving managerial processes. Knowledge deficiencies remain, particularly about the processes of EP and diversification in tropical ecosystems and the socio-economic consequences of treatments. The study underscores the necessity of adaptable, holistic strategies that integrate scientific knowledge with pragmatic solutions and robust policy frameworks to address this complex ecological problem in the context of global warming.
Biosorption study of some heavy metals from its aqueous solutions by plant residue: 1-Adsorpation equilibrium reaction
Some plant residues (Sidr leaves - Bamber leaves - Palm sap) were used to study their efficiency in the bioabsorption of several heavy metal ions (iron, zinc, and manganese) from solutions contaminated with heavy elements through studying some physicochemical properties and thermal equilibrium reactions in which the thermal equilibrium equation (Langmuir-Frandlage) was tested in the linear form. It was observed that the percentage of heavy elements (iron, zinc, and manganese) adsorption on the surfaces of plant residue particles (Sidr leaves, Bamber leaves, and Palm sap) increased with the decrease in the sizes of these particles, as the percentage of adsorption ranged from less than 100 and 100-200 and 200-300 microns. The highest adsorption percentage was (90.05, 89.61, 89.57, 90.15, 9.68, 89.29, 90.20, 90.06)., 89.87) % of manganese ions on the surfaces of plant residues (Sidr leaves, Bamber leaves, and palm carob) respectively. There was an increase in the adsorbed amount with the increase in the initial concentration added to all elements (iron, zinc, and manganese) and all plant residues (Sidr leaves, Bamber leaves and palm carob), and the highest adsorbed amount was recorded at 52649.62 μg g-1 of manganese on palm carob at the initial concentration of 400 μg ml-1. Most of the elements took the following sequence in increasing adsorption on the surfaces of the adsorption sites: manganese > zinc > iron for all plant residues under study. A decrease was observed in the adsorbed amount of the studied elements per unit mass, as the weight of 1 gram of Sidr leaves gave the lowest adsorbed amount of iron and manganese, amounting to 3081.174 and 4550.667 μg g-1 respectively. The Langmuir equation in its various forms gave the best description of the adsorbed amount through the values of the coefficient of determination R2.
Surveillance of coastal erosion and marine habitat degradation using remote sensing and GIS
Accurately identifying coastal regions affected by historical, current, and prospective erosion is essential for effective coastal risk mitigation. In this context, satellite imagery is a significant synoptic and multi-temporal input source. The study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and satellite imagery tools to map and model coastline change. The long-term patterns of advancement and retreat of the shoreline were assessed using Landsat imagery from the mid-1970s to 2025, followed by predicting and validating a short-term scenario over three years. Two distinct coastal ecosystems, Oceanic and Mediterranean, were examined. Initially, various proxies were examined, facilitating a multi-proxy study. The findings indicated that the approach yielded more precise results in high-energy situations (oceanic) and in areas where the shoreline is not urbanized. The findings underscored the significance of conducting multi-proxy analysis in specific research regions to more accurately delineate shoreline models. Significantly, the studies focused on evaluating uncertainty, essential when research outputs are contemplated for managerial purposes.
Developing a framework for ecosystem-based fisheries management in India
One of the world's most huge fisheries assets is the 2.5 million square kilometres of freshwater area. It comprises Southeast Asian ponds and canals, lakes (Victoria, Nyasa, Chilka), and major river systems (Ganga, Nile, Amazon, etc.). In addition, India boasts an abundance of inland fisheries resources, including estuaries, flood plain lakes, marshes, reservoirs, tanks, and ponds. The potential for fish production is enormous because to these resources. One of the few freshwater fish biodiversity hotspots in the world is the North East (NE) area of India, which incorporates the provinces of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Sikkim. The water assets in the space are plentiful and different. A structure for biological system based fisheries the executives was made in this examination. NOAA Fisheries uses EBFM to help management partners make better decisions on trade-offs across commercial, recreational, ceremonial science, and management programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies
Effect of soil properties on yield, quality and soil quality score of food crops
The article presents the properties and characteristics of irrigated soils distributed in the Mirzachol oasis. Correlative relationships between soil properties, such as soil mechanical composition, humus content and salinity level, and yield of winter wheat, soybean, and its technological indicators have been determined. Based on the obtained yield indicators, the soil quality assessment for these crops was calculated. Calculation of crop yield based on soil quality scores, calculation of average soil quality score on the example of one array is also covered.
Oceanic thermohaline circulation and its function in heat transfer and marine species movement
The research develops a box-type model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system to analyze the varying fields interacting with the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) and their reaction to climate change. The research identify a strong convective limit on atmospheric heat transportation, which categorizes the climate system into warm and cold offices; unlike the saline method used in earlier box designs, the cold state, if permitted, exhibits a similarly signed but weaker volume contrast and THC as the current climate, potentially elucidating how it emerged from coupled overall circulation theories. The research emphasizes the nondeterminacy of the THC resulting from random eddy shedding and utilizes the fluctuation theory to limit the shedding rate, resolving the issue. The derivation indicates an ocean driven towards Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) across millennial timescales, referred to as "MEP-adjustment," with the extended duration resulting from the cumulative impact of microscopic changes in the shedding ratio and their marginal likelihood skew. Climate change provokes hysteresis among the two branches, akin to that observed in GCMs; the cold changeover is far more responsive to soaking than heating impacts, as the former would be mitigated by hydrological response. The uni- or bi-modality of the present state, if the THC returns during the cold transition, depends on the average worldwide convection flux and is challenging to evaluate due to its observed unpredictability.
Modelling environmental perceptions using critical discourse analysis and philological interpretations
In recent years, ecological degradation and environmental contamination have escalated significantly. Specialists across multiple disciplines have examined pertinent topics from numerous perspectives. Ecolinguistics arose to avert the rapid degradation of the natural setting. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)constitutes a significant component of ecolinguistic study, critically examining language usage through its environmental context. Initially, a tone and modality system is developed from an ecological standpoint. The present research employs the environmental theology of "equal treatment, balance, and partnership" to perform a CDA of commerce friction states, to elucidate the commonalities and distinctions in the trade friction narratives, and to uncover the environmental implications of global ecological factors within the conversation. In addition, this approach formulates a vector representation of abstract terms utilizing emotion lexicon resources and incorporates emotional polarity and part-of-speech characteristics of phrases. The word vectors are constructed into a text features a matrix, serving as the input during the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. At the same time, the Back Propagation method is employed for model training. Based on the trained CNN approach, predictions are made on the unlabeled information, and the experimental CDA findings are evaluated. The findings indicate that throughout the training of Chinese and English information sets, the set used for training quality can approach 100%, while the loss rate is diminished to 0. The precision of classification for the Chinese language on the sample set achieves 82%, whereas, for the text in English, it can attain 92%, indicating favorable outcomes of the experiment. It offers an analytical framework for environmental CDA of news broadcasts regarding trade tensions. It holds significant implications for longitudinal studies on political information reporting across different camps.
Developing framework for role of mobile app in promoting aquatic education and conservation awareness among general people
Data is gathered for geographical, medicinal, and agricultural research using software tools. These gadgets appeal to scientists because they have a lot of practical hardware attachments (such as a camera, GPS, and accelerometer) and the ability to access and modify software applications (apps). Some teachers are also using tablets into their syllabi for both indoor and outdoor course work in an effort to improve student learning. These gadgets have recently been used by fishery professionals for public outreach and awareness campaigns as well as data collection. Smartphones and digital tablets are becoming increasingly useful for gathering data and educating people about fisheries because of new waterproofing technologies, casings, and accessory adapters. Here, we summarize some of the material that is already available on the use of smartphones and tablets for data collecting and education, and we look at some of the existing and potential applications of these devices in the fishing industry. Our overall goal is to show that fisheries professionals, such as technicians, managers, and educators, may benefit from cell phones and digital tablets.
Shaping environmental ethics through linguistic framing in eco-philosophy
Linguistic framing looks at the complex relationship between language and its environment, focusing on how environmental factors affect language's variety, structure, and growth. This study looks at the connection between linguistics and ecology from the point of view of linguistic framing, looking at how changing conditions affect language use, shift, and loss. The study used an integrated approach that combined linguistic, anthropological, and biological views to show that language is deeply connected to its surroundings. Information from indigenous groups, languages dying out, and language areas stresses how different languages are connected in Eco-Philosophy. The results show that losing spoken languages is linked to environmental damage. To protect both, efforts to keep languages alive should be combined with measures to protect the environment. The study looks at how language affects how people see nature and how different languages show how people have adapted to their surroundings. Because global warming and globalization pose long-term risks, it is essential to have a unified plan for language and sustainability to protect biological and cultural diversity.