International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies
Extraction And Evaluation of Herbs Having Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity
The present study investigates the pharmacological potential of a polyherbal extraction (PHE) designed for the treatment and protection of normal cells through antioxidant mechanisms. Extracts from ten medicinal plants were individually prepared using double-distilled water, with Terminalia chebula (17.5%) and Emblica officinalis (13.5%) incorporated in higher proportions to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In phytochemical screening observed constituents like flavanoids, tannins, glycoside, alkaloids, all of which are known to contribute to antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed using agar disc diffusion method, with Ofloxacin as the reference standard. Extraction demonstrated pronounced inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria (16.7 mm), while moderate inhibition with gram-ve strains, Escherichia coli and Proteus (15.3 mm). Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that TPC and TFC measured by Folin–Ciocalteu, and aluminium chloride colorimetry, were strongly correlated (r = 0.97), suggesting that flavonoids constitute a major fraction of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant potential was comprehensively evaluated using multiple assays, including ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching. Free radical scavenging, thereby accounting for differences in radical species and reaction mechanisms. The results highlight that antioxidant activity is a multifactorial process influenced by the synergistic interplay of diverse phytoconstituents. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic promise of the PHE as both an antibacterial and antioxidant agent, providing a scientific basis for its potential application in managing skin infections and protecting cellular integrity.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from the Deproteinised Leaf Juice and Antibacterial Evaluation
Nanoparticles are established through-processing, consolidating, and deforming materials at the nanoscale. They offer benefits in terms of magnetic properties, catalytic activity, electronic properties, antimicrobial properties and anti-inflammatory effects. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is done through plants. The Medicago sativa L. is a well-known forage crop worldwide. It is rich in secondary metabolites, essential amino acids, and vitamins. This study investigated the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via a plant mediated approach. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with 0.1M zinc acetate dihydrate, reacted with the deproteinized juice (DPJ) of Medicago sativa. The yellow precipitate was centrifuged, dried, and collected for further analysis. The characterization carried out via TEM revealed the presence of spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak for Zn-O bonding between 400 and 600 cm 1. Additional characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, confirmed the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. An antibacterial test was conducted on the synthesized nanoparticles. This study highlights DPJ as an eco-friendly, cost-effective and novel alternative for the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical and Transdermal Delivery of Antifungal Agents: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
The estimated prevalence of fungal infections across the globe is > 1 billion, and it is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal agents are being delivered through topical and transdermal routes. Conventional formulations using such delivery routes are generally hindered by certain factors including the poor aqueous solubility of antifungal drugs, insufficient skin penetration, rapid drug clearance, and slow drug retention within the tissue, leading to reduced effectiveness of antifungal therapy. Among different nanocarrier systems that overcome such limitations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) a type of lipid-based nanocarrier are attracting widespread interest due to their capability of high drug encapsulation efficiency, sustained release, high skin permeation and good drug deposition into infected sites, coupled with the inherent characteristics of being biocompatible and biodegradable lipid matrix, which resemble natural skin lipids thereby ensuring better interaction with stratum corneum and less irritation to the skin. Recent reports highlight the effectiveness of SLN as delivery carrier to improve therapy against a wide spectrum of fungal infections by topical/transdermal administration including fluconazole, terbinafine, clotrimazole, voriconazole and posaconazole; providing a better drug accumulation into the skin, prolonged skin residence time, increased potency and improved frequency reduction for treatment of topical/transdermal fungal infection. The current review provides a concise overview of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of fungal infections, the available antifungal medications, resistance mechanisms of antifungals, recent trends in nanotechnology based drug delivery, and specifically, it is a comprehensive appraisal on formulation strategies, fabrication methodologies, characteristics of SLNs, skin permeation principles, therapeutic potential and translation research on the use of SLNs for transdermal/topical delivery of antifungal drugs, to offer a useful perspective to improve antifungal drug efficacy and a novel safer, effective and user-friendly therapy to treat fungal infections.
Multimodal Stress Detection Using Sensor, Voice, and Facial Image Data for Real-Time Health Monitoring
Stress is a large-scale issue in today's world, with regard to its physical health, mental health, and cognitive effects. It also does not go easy trying to identify what we put out for stress, which can very well be person-based and what we see in different sets of data. Presently, most of what is done is a single data type approach, which is not very effective in reality. This paper reports on a multimodal stress detection platform that we have put together from physiological sensor data, speech inputs, and face images for real-time healthcare. We process heart rate variability in the physiological data, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients from speech, and face images through specialized-for each of the types of data. Also, we use independent machine learning models. In particular, a Random Forest model is used for physiological data, a Multi-Layer Perceptron for speech characteristics, and a ResNet-50 Convolutional Neural Network for facial images. On the other hand, based on our research, the speech base model performs well at a 97% accuracy level. Physiological and images perform at 88.28% and 72.07% accuracy levels, respectively. Similarly, in our research, we use decision level fusion, which is ensuring the stability of our performance, and if either of the sources of data is inadequate, we will still obtain accurate outcomes. Its aptness for use in real-time health care, in our view, constitutes a big advantage.
Sustainable Packaging and Its Role in Minimizing Environmental Footprint
The ever-increasing global environmental crisis has spurred an industrial design paradigmatic shift towards sustainable packaging, being the leading area of future design innovation development(United Nations Environment Programme, 2021). This research examines the change from traditional, linear waste-based, models to a comprehensive framework that will help reduce the detrimental impacts on the environment and resource depletion(Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Rather than just commenting about the 160 million tons of global waste produced,this research examines the successful structuring of the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), material sciences and regulatory strategies(World Bank, 2018). The study assesses whether biodegradable polymers, fiber-based substrates, and plant-derived alternatives are technically and economically feasible as “green” materials(Vincenzo Siracusa et al., 2008). The interpretations of the findings are based upon Circular Economy principles and consider how design engineering must balance between materials’ performance characteristics and the scalability of those characteristics systemically(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2022). There is also a significant tension between regulation and consumer behaviour; therefore, achieving true environmental stewardship requires aligning policy with the viability within the marketplace(European Commission, 2020). This research seeks to clarify how industries can achieve their operational goals while protecting the environment over time (International Organization for Standardization, 2006).
Women Empowerment in Agriculture Through Extension Education for Safe Chemical Use and Sustainable Input Management
Women play a pivotal role in agricultural production, input management, and post-harvest operations, yet they often face limited access to knowledge on safe agrochemical use. This knowledge gap exposes them to occupational health hazards and hinders sustainable resource management. Extension education provides an effective mechanism to empower women by building their capacity in safe chemical handling, integrated pest management, and sustainable input practices. This study highlights the significance of extension services in promoting gender-sensitive training, participatory learning, and community-based interventions that reduce chemical hazards, enhance resource efficiency, and safeguard both human and environmental health. The findings underline the importance of strengthening women’s involvement in agricultural decision-making through targeted extension models, ensuring a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system.
Development and Evaluation of Surface-Functionalized Rifampicin Nanoparticles for Targeted Pulmonary Drug Delivery in Tuberculosis Therapy
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis, with conventional rifampicin therapy limited by poor bioavailability, non-specific distribution, dose-related hepatotoxicity, and frequent dosing requirements. This study aimed to develop surface-functionalized rifampicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these limitations. Five nanoparticle formulations (F1–F5) were prepared using solvent evaporation with PLGA/Eudragit RS100 polymers, followed by chitosan surface functionalization. Physicochemical characterization revealed uniform spherical particles (176.8–286.4 nm) with excellent stability (zeta potential: −18.2 to −31.5 mV) and high drug entrapment efficiency (68.4–89.7%). In vitro drug release demonstrated sustained, controlled release over 24 hours. Notably, surface-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited 50% enhanced cellular uptake by macrophages (87.6%) compared to non-functionalized formulations (58.4%), confirming superior macrophage targeting efficiency. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed drug-polymer compatibility without chemical degradation. The optimized formulation F5 demonstrated maximum drug loading (22.9%), highest entrapment efficiency (89.7%), smallest particle size (176.8 nm), and most controlled release profile, making it an ideal candidate for pulmonary TB therapy. Surface functionalization with chitosan emerged as a critical strategy for improving therapeutic delivery to the intracellular site of M. tuberculosis infection. These findings suggest that surface-functionalized rifampicin nanoparticles represent a promising innovation to improve therapeutic efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, minimize systemic toxicity, enhance patient compliance, and potentially contribute to overcoming drug resistance in TB management.
Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Bee Pollen
Bee pollen is a promising natural product with therapeutic potential, yet its chemical-bioactivity relationship remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of bee pollen and examine their relationship to phenolic content. A bee pollen sample collected from the Tafilah region of Jordan was analyzed for its phenolic, protein, and carotenoid content. Its botanical origin was identified using Melissopalynological analysis. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hemolytic activities were evaluated using standard in vitro assays. The sample contained 0.581 mg/mL phenols, 7.939 mg/mL proteins, 138.3 mg/kg β-carotene, and 643.0 mg/kg lycopene. Melissopalynological analysis revealed a wide variety of botanical sources. The extract demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hemolytic activities of 48.7%, 56.74%, and 71.24%, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and biological activities. This finding validates the fact that bee pollen is biologically active with great biological potential related to phenolic content and therefore has potential as apitherapeutic agent and potential development of functional natural products.
Optimized Grid Scheduling Through Adaptive Mutation-Based Swarm Intelligence
The grid computing model has proved to be a successful paradigm for running large-scale distributed applications, using geographically distributed computing resources. But scheduling of tasks efficiently is still a major challenge as the resources are heterogeneously organized, the workloads are dynamically changing and the requirements for executing a task have also changed. The traditional scheduling methods have limitations of being flexible and making effective use of resources in a complex grid system. The present paper introduces an Optimized Grid Scheduling framework which is based on Adaptive Mutation Based Swarm Intelligence (AMSI) for gaining scheduling efficiency and resource allocation. The proposed framework combines swarm intelligence with an adaptive mutation mechanism to adapt the exploration and exploitation capabilities at runtime of a scheduling process. Structured representation is used to model grid resources and tasks; intelligent population initialization improves the convergence towards high quality scheduling solutions. Various workload scenarios are used to run the extensive simulations to test the proposed approach. The performances are evaluated based on makespan, resource utilization, throughput and load-balancing efficiency measures. Experimental results show that the AMSI framework always outperforms traditional scheduling algorithms such as FCFS, Round Robin, Opportunistic Load Balancing and the standard Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed method can be applied to the grid computing environment and has the advantages of better scheduling quality, faster convergence and better resource sharing.
Maternal Race and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Neurodevelopment, Feeding, and Growth Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
Preterm birth remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and is associated with substantial risks of impaired neurodevelopment, feeding difficulties, growth restriction, and long-term disability. Although advances in neonatal intensive care have significantly improved survival among preterm infants, disparities in health outcomes persist across different racial and socioeconomic groups. Maternal race and socioeconomic status (SES) have emerged as important social determinants of neonatal health, influencing access to prenatal care, maternal nutrition, pregnancy complications, quality of neonatal intensive care, breastfeeding practices, developmental follow-up, and family support. These determinants affect not only immediate neonatal outcomes but also cognitive, motor, behavioral, nutritional, and physical development throughout infancy and childhood. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence regarding the influence of maternal race and socioeconomic status on neurodevelopmental, feeding, and growth outcomes among preterm infants. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2015 and March 2025. Eligible studies included cohort studies, case-control studies, randomized controlled trials, longitudinal investigations, and systematic reviews evaluating associations between maternal social determinants and developmental outcomes in preterm infants. Evidence indicates that socioeconomic disadvantage is consistently associated with poorer cognitive performance, delayed language development, impaired executive functioning, lower breastfeeding rates, suboptimal nutrition, slower catch-up growth, and reduced access to developmental interventions. Racial disparities are strongly influenced by structural inequities, healthcare accessibility, maternal stress, discrimination, environmental exposures, and differences in post-discharge support rather than intrinsic biological differences. Early developmental interventions, family centered neonatal care, lactation support, culturally responsive healthcare, and comprehensive follow-up programs substantially improve developmental trajectories. These findings emphasize that addressing health inequities is essential for optimizing outcomes among preterm infants. Neonatal nurses play a pivotal role in identifying social risk factors, supporting families, promoting equitable care, and coordinating multidisciplinary interventions that improve neurodevelopment, feeding success, and growth.
Equity and Variation in Psychosocial Support for Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review of Pediatric Oncology Programs
Childhood cancer represents a major global health challenge that extends beyond physical illness and treatment related complications. Children diagnosed with cancer and their families experience substantial psychosocial burdens, including anxiety, depression, emotional distress, social isolation, educational disruption, financial hardship, and long-term psychological consequences. Psychosocial support services have become an essential component of comprehensive pediatric oncology care, aiming to improve quality of life, treatment adherence, emotional well-being, and family functioning. Despite international recognition of psychosocial care standards, considerable variation exists in the availability, accessibility, quality, and equity of psychosocial support across pediatric oncology programs worldwide. This systematic review examines existing evidence regarding equity and variation in psychosocial support services for children with cancer across diverse healthcare settings. A comprehensive review of literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Studies investigating psychosocial interventions, support programs, service accessibility, and healthcare disparities in pediatric oncology were included. Findings indicate substantial disparities in psychosocial care based on geographical location, socioeconomic status, healthcare resources, cultural factors, and institutional capacity. High-income countries generally provide multidisciplinary psychosocial services integrated into oncology care, whereas low- and middle-income countries frequently encounter workforce shortages, limited funding, and inadequate psychosocial infrastructure. Evidence suggests that psychosocial interventions improve emotional well-being, treatment adherence, family resilience, and quality of life. However, inequities persist, limiting access for vulnerable populations. The review concludes that strengthening psychosocial care infrastructure, expanding workforce capacity, implementing standardized care guidelines, and promoting equitable access are essential for improving outcomes among children with cancer globally.
Nursing Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Complications: An Integrative Review
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are essential vascular access devices used for long-term intravenous therapy, chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, and administration of blood products. Despite their clinical benefits, PICCs are associated with complications including catheter-related bloodstream infections, thrombosis, occlusion, migration, dislodgement, and skin injury. Nurses play a central role in preventing and managing these complications through evidence-based assessment, maintenance, surveillance, patient education, and clinical decision-making. This integrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding nursing interventions that improve PICC outcomes. The review highlights the effectiveness of infection prevention bundles, standardized flushing protocols, catheter securement strategies, patient education programs, and competency-based nursing training. Findings indicate that adherence to evidence-based nursing practices significantly reduces complication rates, improves catheter longevity, and enhances patient safety. Investments in vascular access education, quality improvement initiatives, and standardized care protocols are recommended.
Palliative Care Needs of Patients with Severe Mental Illness: Evidence from a Systematic Review of Nursing Interventions
Severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe major depressive disorder, is associated with significant physical, psychological, social, and spiritual burdens that adversely affect quality of life and life expectancy. Individuals with SMI experience higher rates of chronic physical illnesses, increased mortality, social exclusion, stigma, and reduced access to healthcare services compared with the general population. Despite these challenges, palliative care services for people living with severe mental illness remain underdeveloped and often overlooked. Nurses play a critical role in identifying palliative care needs, coordinating multidisciplinary services, managing symptoms, supporting families, and promoting holistic care. This systematic review aimed to examine the palliative care needs of patients with severe mental illness and evaluate the evidence regarding nursing interventions designed to address these needs. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were reviewed to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2025. The findings demonstrate that patients with severe mental illness have extensive unmet palliative care needs across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains. Nursing interventions including symptom management, psychoeducation, advance care planning, case management, integrated care models, family support, and multidisciplinary coordination have shown positive outcomes in improving quality of life and patient-centered care. However, significant barriers persist, including stigma, fragmented healthcare systems, inadequate training, and limited integration between mental health and palliative care services. Strengthening nursing competencies and integrating palliative care principles into mental health services are essential for improving outcomes among individuals with severe mental illness.
Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol and NO2 during the Stubble Burning Period Using Satellite Data over Haryana and Punjab States, India
This study evaluate the spatio-temporal occurrence of agricultural residues burning impact on aerosols during one rice crop harvesting season (September to December 2018) over Haryana and Punjab State, India.OMI (Ozone monitoring instrument) AOD 342.5µm daily aerosol product and daily active fire data from The impact of stubble burning on the aerosol distribution was found to be significant and it was observed more for residue burnt sites. Increase in concentration of aerosols during the paddy harvesting period especially when the fire counts were highest was observed due to increase in dust particle and precursor pollutants. The increased number of fire counts (with the help of Terra and Aqua MODIS data) is associated with severe aerosol-loading atmospheres (AOD342.5 nm > 1.5) over the Haryana and Punjab region, high values of high Aerosol Optical depth (~1.5) and NO2 concentrations (~8 × 1015 mol/cm2 ), indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols from agricultural crop residue burning. The aerosol and NO2 was very high during burning period compared to that in pre burning and post burning period indicating that burning of rice residue is havingsignificant role in aerosol loading. The increase in aerosol shows its potential effect on air quality, climate and risk on human health. The spatial distribution of aerosols was also analyzed in GIS.
Financial Literacy as a Catalyst for Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Structural Modelling Analysis of Ecological Sustainability
Financial literacy is increasingly recognised as a factor that influences individual decision-making beyond economic contexts. This study examines the role of financial literacy in shaping pro-environmental behavior and ecological sustainability through attitudinal and behavioral pathways. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using survey data from 146 respondents. Composite-based structural modelling was applied to test the proposed framework, with environmental commitment examined as a mediating variable. The results indicate that financial literacy has a significant positive effect on ecological commitment and pro-environmental behavior. Environmental commitment also exerts a significant influence on pro-environmental behavior. Pro-environmental behavior demonstrates a positive effect on ecological sustainability, while the direct relationship between financial literacy and ecological sustainability is not significant. These findings suggest that financial literacy influences ecological sustainability primarily through indirect pathways involving attitudes and behavior. Measurement properties were assessed using partial least squares-based validation procedures, which confirmed adequate reliability and validity for all constructs. The study contributes to sustainability research by integrating financial capability into behavioral models of ecological sustainability and highlights the potential role of financial education in supporting environmentally responsible behavior.
Environmental Sustainability and Precision Agriculture: Integrating Ecology with Modern Farming Systems
The increasing demand for food production and the growing environmental challenges associated with conventional farming have intensified the need for sustainable and technologically advanced agricultural systems. This study examined the role of precision agriculture technologies and ecological sustainability indicators in improving sustainable crop productivity within modern farming systems. A quantitative research design was adopted using a secondary dataset containing 10,000 agricultural observations and 46 environmental, soil, climatic, and precision agriculture variables. Statistical techniques including correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Random Forest Regression were employed to evaluate the relationships among ecological indicators, remote sensing variables, and crop yield. The findings revealed that soil ecological variables such as clay content, organic carbon, water holding capacity, copper, and molybdenum significantly influenced agricultural productivity. Remote sensing indicators, particularly NDVI and chlorophyll concentration, also demonstrated substantial importance in sustainable crop monitoring and precision farming management. Furthermore, climate-related variables including rainfall, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed contributed significantly to environmental sustainability outcomes. Although predictive performance remained relatively weak due to the multidimensional nature of agricultural systems, the study confirmed that integrating ecological sustainability principles with precision agriculture technologies supports resource-efficient, climate-resilient, and environmentally sustainable farming systems.
E- and V-Band Millimeter-Wave Technology for High-Capacity Wireless Communications: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements, Challenges, and Point-to-Point Link Planning
Telecommunication networks are rapidly evolved with 4G and 5G technologies. This has resulted in data explosion and immensely increased data consumption that require fibre connectivity like data capacity with every base station which is a challenge due to various issues like ROW permission and cost. Traditional frequency bands from 7 GHz to 23 GHz have a very limited spectrum and are capable of providing capacities up to few hundred Mbps only. E and V frequency bands in mmW technology have an enormous spectrum and are capable of providing fibre like capacities wirelessly. This review paper covers over-view, architecture, and application of E and V band technology, step-by-step process to plan a link, gaps in existing research, and scope for further research in future. It analyses the capabilities, limitations, advancements, challenges and performance matrix. A detailed comparison of E and V band with traditional frequency bands is also presented to facilitate the understanding with benefits and risks of mmW technology. Additionally, a step by step link budget and planning for deployment of E band radios in a telecommunication network is covered which is much simpler with novel planning approach. Overall, this review paper is an attempt to provide holistic view about present E and V band mmW technology for high capacities wireless communications point-to-point link and future research prospects to further improve it.
Transboundary Water Governance and International Environmental Law: Emerging Challenges and Policy Solutions
Transboundary water resources have become increasingly vulnerable to climate change, hydrological variability, population growth, and geopolitical tensions, creating significant challenges for sustainable environmental governance. This study examines the effectiveness of international environmental law in addressing emerging transboundary water governance challenges and proposes policy-oriented solutions for strengthening cooperative water management. The research adopts a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach based on doctrinal legal analysis, comparative case-study evaluation, and secondary quantitative data obtained from the Aqueduct 3.0 Water Risk Dataset. Comparative analysis was conducted on selected transboundary river basins, including the Nile, Indus, Mekong, and Danube basins. The empirical findings reveal that interannual and seasonal climate variability significantly increase baseline water stress and governance vulnerability in several regions. Countries located in arid and politically sensitive areas demonstrated the highest overall water-risk levels, highlighting the growing relationship between environmental stress and hydro-political instability. The study further finds that existing international legal frameworks remain constrained by weak enforcement mechanisms, institutional fragmentation, and limited adaptive capacity. The research concludes that strengthening transboundary water governance requires climate-responsive legal reforms, adaptive institutional frameworks, enhanced international cooperation, and preventive water diplomacy to ensure long-term water security and environmental sustainability under changing global environmental conditions.
A Comprehensive Review of Soft Computational Methods for Silkworm Disease Detection: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Silkworm disease detection is a critical aspect of sericulture that directly impacts silk production quality and economic sustainability. This comprehensive review presents a systematic review of soft computational methods employed for silkworm disease detection, encompassing machine learning, deep learning, and image processing techniques. We analyze 60 research papers from prominent databases including IEEE, Springer, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, focusing on methodologies for detecting major silkworm diseases such as Pebrine, Grasserie, Flacherie, and Muscardine. Our analysis reveals significant advancements in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transfer learning approaches, and hybrid ensemble methods achieving detection accuracies exceeding 95%. We provide detailed comparative analyses of plant disease detection methods and their applicability to silkworm disease identification, present comprehensive taxonomy of soft computing techniques, and identify key challenges including dataset limitations, real-time detection requirements, and deployment constraints. Furthermore, we propose future research directions emphasizing lightweight models for edge deployment, multi-disease classification systems, integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for smart sericulture, and federated learning approaches for collaborative research. This review serves as a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners in computational sericulture, offering insights into current state-of-the-art techniques and emerging opportunities in automated silkworm health monitoring.
Quest for Self-Identity in the Modern Indian Writings
There has always been a space in modern Indian literature for the negotiation of questions of belonging and personhood on uneven social spaces. This paper compares two works by writers from the most marginalised sections of Indian society, These Hills Called Home: Stories from a War Zone by Temsula Ao (2006) and Joothan: A Dalit's Life by Omprakash Valmiki (1997) to examine the literary techniques employed by these two writers to assert individual selfhood in the face of collective identity. The study, based on Stuart Hall's theory of cultural identity as becoming and Gayatri Spivak's concept of subaltern subjectivity, posits the idea of "double subaltern selfhood" in which both the Naga tribal subject and the Dalit subject are not only marginalised by the effects of colonial governance, but also, importantly, by the post-independence Indian nation-state itself. The paper suggests that both narratives act as a defiant mode of writing, writing as the last place of the self-determination of the nation's recalcitrant subject. The study also confirms that by comparing fiction with autobiography across genres, marginalised selfhood is shown to share a structure, as well as different methodologies for the reconstruction of the self.
The Relationship Between Digital Marketing Practices and Organisational Performance: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective in China's Mobile Phone Industry
In the rapidly evolving digital economy, organisations increasingly rely on digital marketing practices to enhance their competitiveness and improve their performance. This is especially so within the highly competitive mobile phone market. Therefore, this research seeks to investigate the effects of digital marketing practices (SEM, social media, and content marketing) on organisational performance (Brand awareness, loyalty, and profitability) in the mobile phone industry in China. The research approach of the present study was quantitative, using a cross-sectional survey design. Primary data was gathered from the personnel working in the businesses producing mobile phones in China, marketing managers, digital marketing executives, digital marketing strategists and social media managers. Through a purposive sampling approach, a total of 778 samples were chosen. The data obtained was examined using SPSS 25 and Microsoft Excel. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was shown that there is a statistically significant association between digital marketing techniques and organisational success. The KMO score of 0.949 and the results of Bartlett's test at the significance level of p = 0.000 reveal that the data are acceptable for factor analysis and have excellent construct validity. Furthermore, the ANOVA analyses also revealed an F value of 241.263 at the significance level of p = 0.000; therefore, researchers accepted the alternative hypothesis that digital marketing strategies significantly affect organisational performance. This research reveals that the use of digital marketing methods is important for improving organisational performance in China's mobile phone industry.
Behavioral Drivers of Agricultural FinTech Adoption in India for Sustainable Digital and Financial Inclusion Using an Extended TAM Approach
FinTech, or financial technology, has become a revolutionary force in advancing digital financial inclusion and sustainable agricultural growth, especially in emerging nations like India. This research examines the behavioral determinants affecting the acceptance of FinTech services within the Indian agriculture industry through an Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).The suggested paradigm examines the impact of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Trust (TR), Government Support (GS), and Social Influence (SI) on Actual Adoption (AU), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Attitude Toward Using FinTech (ATU). A quantitative research methodology was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed among 400 farmers and agricultural stakeholders across different regions of India. Using SmartPLS software, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the gathered data. The findings show that while perceived usefulness, trust, and government support have a favorable impact on farmers’ views toward FinTech adoption, behavioral intention has a substantial impact on actual uptake of FinTech services. Although there is little correlation between Perceived Ease of Use and Attitude Toward Using FinTech, it has a positive impact on Behavioral Intention. Similarly, Social Influence shows no significant impact on farmers’ attitudes toward adoption. The findings suggest that farmers prioritize the practical benefits, reliability, and institutional support associated with FinTech services over simplicity and peer influence. By expanding the TAM framework into the context of Indian agriculture, the study adds to the body of literature already in existence. It also has significant ramifications for financial institutions, policymakers, and FinTech companies looking to improve digital financial inclusion, rural economic development, and sustainable agricultural transformation in India.
Modeling and Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Change Dynamics Using Markov Model in Jodhpur Tehsil,Rajasthan, India
Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change analysis offers crucial insights into the spatial dynamics influenced by human and environmental interactions. This study examines LULC transitions in Jodhpur Tehsil, Rajasthan, India, from 1993 to 2023. It predicts future patterns for 2033 using the Cellular Automata–Markov (CA– Markov) model in the TerrSet Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System. Multi-temporal Landsat imagery (1993, 2003, 2013, and 2023) was classified into five major categories—agriculture, barren land, built-up areas, mining, and water bodies—through supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification. Accuracy assessment achieved an overall accuracy of 85–88% and Kappa coefficients above 0.80, validating the classification reliability. Results indicate a continuous decline in agricultural land (73.40% to 62.87%) and expansion of built-up (6.17% to 16.33%) and mining areas (0.48% to 1.70%) over three decades. The Markov transition probability matrix predicts further conversion of agricultural and barren lands into built-up and mining zones by 2033. Model validation confirmed strong spatial agreement between predicted and actual LULC maps. The study highlights significant anthropogenic pressure on land resources and demonstrates the CA Markov model’s efficiency for simulating future LULC dynamics, offering valuable guidance for sustainable land management and urban planning in arid regions.
Impact of Digital Technologies on the Development of Environmental Competencies: A Quantitative Study in Educational Institutions
The integration of digital technologies in education systems has acquired strategic importance to strengthen teaching and learning processes, especially in the development of sustainability-oriented competencies. In this context, educational institutions face the challenge of incorporating technological resources that not only favor the acquisition of knowledge, but also promote skills, attitudes, and responsible behaviors in the face of environmental problems. Although the scientific literature reports benefits associated with the use of digital tools in environmental education, the results are still heterogeneous and show the need for studies that analyze the effect of different dimensions of digital technologies on environmental competencies through quantitative models. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of digital technologies on the development of environmental competencies of students in educational institutions. To this end, a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational-explanatory scope is proposed. The research contemplates the application of a structured questionnaire to measure the dimensions of digital technologies – access to digital resources, frequency of use, digital competence and pedagogical integration – and environmental competences, made up of knowledge, attitudes, pro-environmental behaviours and environmental problem solving. The data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including reliability tests, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results are expected to show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the integration of digital technologies and the development of environmental competencies, identifying pedagogical integration and digital competence as the main predictive factors. These findings will contribute to strengthening scientific knowledge on educational digital transformation and provide evidence to guide the formulation of institutional strategies and educational policies aimed at promoting Education for Sustainable Development through the effective use of digital technologies.
Novel Approaches in the Development of Mouth Dissolving Formulation for Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
The present investigation was undertaken to develop and evaluate a novel mouth dissolving formulation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs with the objective of improving patient compliance, enhancing dissolution characteristics, and achieving rapid therapeutic action. Conventional oral solid dosage forms frequently present swallowing difficulties, particularly among pediatric, geriatric, and dysphagic patient populations, thereby limiting treatment adherence and therapeutic effectiveness. Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) have emerged as a promising drug delivery platform capable of rapidly disintegrating in the oral cavity without the requirement for water, facilitating improved convenience and patient acceptability. In the current study, Tolperisone hydrochloride, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, and Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, were selected as model analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents for formulation development. Novel formulation strategies employing superdisintegrants, including crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate, were utilized to promote rapid tablet disintegration and enhance drug dissolution. Comprehensive pre- compression characterization of powder blends was performed through the determination of bulk density, tapped density, Carr's compressibility index, and Hausner ratio to assess flow properties and compressibility behavior. The prepared formulations were further evaluated for post-compression quality attributes, including hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, wetting time, disintegration time, drug content uniformity, and in vitro dissolution performance. The optimized formulation demonstrated acceptable physicochemical characteristics, satisfactory mechanical integrity, rapid disintegration behavior, and enhanced drug release profiles compared with conventional oral dosage forms. Furthermore, accelerated stability studies conducted in accordance with international regulatory guidelines confirmed the stability and integrity of the optimized formulation under stressed storage conditions. The findings of the present study suggest that the developed mouth dissolving formulation constitutes an effective and patient centric drug delivery system with the potential to improve bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and treatment compliance in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders.
Real-Time Crop Stress Monitoring and Early Warning System for Paddy and Maize Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data and Deep Learning in Semi-Arid Regions
Semi-arid regions with a high potential for rice and maize cultivation have become some of the most actively farmed areas. They now face the challenge of achieving food security despite the threats of crop water stress, nutrient loss, and environmental changes. In this paper, we develop a real-time crop stress monitoring and early warning system that utilizes multi-temporal Sentinel-2 images and deep learning models in Mahabubabad district, Telangana, India. Different types of crop stresses such as water stress, nutrient deficiency, and phenological anomalies were detected and classified using a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture with an attention mechanism. The methodology was based on 874 field polygons with extensive in-situ data collection during 2023-24, incorporating multi-temporal spectral indices (NDVI, EVI, NDWI, REP), weather variables, and soil characteristics. The total classification accuracy reached 89.4% for paddy and 87.2% for maize over all stress types, showing that stress detection from satellite images is quite reliable. Water stress was the category that was detected most accurately (92.1% for paddy and 89.8% for maize), followed by nutrient stress (88.7% and 86.3%) and phenological stress (85.2% and 83.9%). The warning system made it possible to identify the problem 15-25 days before there were visible symptoms, making it possible for the farm management to respond in time. Activities of the farm that were most vulnerable to detection were air and water temperatures, precipitation, and crop growth stages for water stress 45-60 days after sowing, 30-45 days for nutrient stress, and during the reproductive phase for phenological stress. The system could be extended for industrial crop stress monitoring across the semi-arid agricultural systems which might lead to precision agriculture and climate-resilient farming practices.
A Study on Employee Performance and Training Practices
In a dynamic business environment where things are changing at a faster rate and prevails high competition, employee training and development holds an important place in the organization for enabling employees to carry out their tasks better and attain the company’s goals. This study investigates how training appropriateness and training effectiveness affect employee work performance; examines two key factors: training effectiveness and training appropriate cause improve employee performance in jobs. The study was conducted on manufacturing companies in South Bengal, India. This study considers relevant theory such as Human Capital Theory and the Resource-Based View. The primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Out of 291 questionnaires that were given to manufacturing concerns, 151 respondents filled them out correctly. The data was analysed with the help of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling to understand the relationship between training and development and employee performance. The results show that training effectiveness significantly improves employee performance. The main factors like easy to understand training content, good trainers and interesting training sessions help employees to work better. The study also observed that even if the right training is provided it does not impact employee performance at work. This implies that employees carry out their jobs better when the training is taught systematically.
Ripening Behavior Of Durian Applied With Different Levels Of Ethephon
The study investigated the effects of different levels of ethephon on duration to ripening and some physico chemical characteristics of durian using mature and immature fruits. The experiment was composed of 8 treatment combinations with 3 replications in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments composed of 1, 3, and 5 percent of ethephon with tap water for the control. Specifically, data were gathered using sensory evaluation on color and texture of fruits, weight loss was computed at day of ripening including the chemical composition of the edible portion of the fruit such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pulp pH. The study revealed the use of ethephon at 1%as a ripening agent in durian at right stage of maturity (120 DAFI) given the generally significant difference in duration of ripening, color, texture and taste consistent with TSS while a comparable result was found in 2 terms of weight loss, fruit acidity and pulp pH. The fruits harvested 120 DAFI obtained the shortest waiting time to ripening as exhibited by all treatments using ethephon except the control comparable with fruits harvested 110 DAFI. This result tends to explain further that the application of ethephon in fruits harvested 110 DAFI fits the purpose of ripening induction but failed to exhibit comparable color patterns, taste and texture of the fruit at the ideal stage of maturity. Thus, the application of ethephon works good with fruits at maturity level ideal for harvesting at 120 DAFI.
Value-Driven Management in the Bhagavad Gita: A Framework for Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices
Purpose: The increasing emphasis on sustainability, ethical governance, and stakeholder responsibility has encouraged organizations to adopt value-based management approaches that extend beyond financial performance. This study investigates the impact of Value-Driven Management (VDM) on Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices (SEOP) and examines the individual contributions of Ethical Leadership, Spiritual Leadership, Servant Leadership, and Values-Based Organizational Culture. The study is conceptually grounded in contemporary leadership theories and the philosophical principles of the Bhagavad Gita, particularly Dharma (righteous duty), Nishkama Karma (selfless action), and Lokasangraha (collective welfare). Research Methodology: A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to 430 employees working in public, private, educational, and non-profit organizations across the National Capital Region (NCR), India. Data were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, normality assessment, Pearson’s correlation, simple linear regression, and multiple regression analyses. Value-Driven Management was operationalized through Ethical Leadership, Spiritual Leadership, Servant Leadership, and Values-Based Organizational Culture, while Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices comprised Environmental Sustainability, Social Responsibility, Ethical Governance, and Ethical Organizational Climate. Findings: The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between Value-Driven Management and Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices. Regression analysis confirmed that Value Driven Management significantly predicts sustainable and ethical organizational outcomes. All four dimensions of Value-Driven Management demonstrated significant positive effects on Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices. Among these dimensions, Servant Leadership emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by Values Based Organizational Culture, Ethical Leadership, and Spiritual Leadership. The results further indicated that organizations emphasizing ethical values, responsible leadership, and stakeholder welfare are more likely to achieve higher levels of sustainability, ethical governance, and organizational integrity. Practical Implications: The study highlights the importance of integrating ethical, servant, and spiritual leadership practices into organizational systems and policies. Organizations can enhance sustainability and ethical performance by fostering a values-based culture that promotes accountability, social responsibility, and collective welfare. The findings provide actionable insights for managers, policymakers, and organizational leaders seeking to strengthen ethical excellence and long-term sustainability. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by integrating multiple leadership dimensions within a unified Value-Driven Management framework and empirically examining their influence on Sustainable and Ethical Organizational Practices. It further extends the management literature by linking contemporary organizational constructs with the philosophical teachings of the Bhagavad Gita, thereby offering a culturally relevant and theoretically enriched perspective on ethical and sustainable management.
A review: Green Photocatalysis Advanced and Perspective-Solution for Environment Challenges
In order to solve the world's energy and environmental problems, a new science called "green photocatalysis" blends the ideas of green chemistry with photocatalytic processes. With an emphasis on the creation of sustainable materials, environmentally friendly synthesis techniques, and their uses in energy conversion, organic transformations, and environmental remediation, this study examines the most recent developments in green photocatalysis. Designing non-toxic, economically viable photocatalysts using carbon-based, earth-abundant, and bioinspired materials is emphasized. The article also addresses how photocatalytic reactions can be fueled by renewable energy sources like solar light, which lessens the need for dangerous chemicals and fossil fuels. Critical analyses are conducted of issues like scalability, stability, and efficiency, as well as solutions such as reactor design, material optimization, and hybrid techniques. This analysis emphasizes the possibilities of green photocatalysis to support sustainable development objectives and stimulate creative thinking for a more environmentally friendly and clean future.