Abstract

Eutrophication is the addition of nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, to water bodies which is harmful for the aquatic ecosystems. It also brings about other challenges such as algal blooms, hypoxia, reduction in biodiversity, and degradation in the quality of water available in the ecosystems. Environmental engineering is pivotal in controlling eutrophication and the resultant impacts on aquatic ecosystems by implementing effective management practices and sustained treatment technologies. This document investigates major engineering methods such as advanced wastewater treatment and stormwater management, constructed wetlands, and nutrient recovery systems. Primarily the focus is integrated watershed management and the low impact development framework directed at controlling agricultural and urban nutrient inflow. Furthermore, the document describes the role of monitoring and modeling, and data enabled decision making in ecological equilibrium maintenance. Through adequate engineering, it is possible to greatly lower the nutrient entering water bodies and protect biodiversity alongside the sustainable availability of freshwater resources. Environmental engineering supported by policy and social awareness diverges the mitigation path for eutrophication. In conclusion, this document highlights the increasing role of environmental engineering in the protection of aquatic ecosystems and the proactive management of freshwater resources subjected to heightened environmental pressures.

Keywords: Environmental engineering, Eutrophication, Water quality, Aquatic ecosystems, Nutrient management, Pollution prevention, Species protection