Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) have become one of the most promising bioelectrochemical technologies for simultaneously addressing energy recovery and environmental remediation. This paper examines the potential of MFCs as a sustainable solution for managing aquatic ecosystems, given their dual benefits of producing renewable energy and inhibiting aquatic pollution. Electroactive microorganisms in MFCs oxidize organic and inorganic wastewater compounds, converting biochemical energy into electrical energy, which, in turn, degrades contaminants. This not only reduces the buildup of harmful pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates, and organic waste but also helps maintain ecological balance in aquatic systems. MFCs incorporated into wastewater treatment facilities, aquaculture, and natural wetlands provide a decentralized, low-carbon approach to improving water quality and energy efficiency. Furthermore, improvements in electrode materials, optimization of microbial communities, and the scalability of systems have contributed to the improved performance and economic feasibility of MFCs. The paper focuses on how MFCs can facilitate achieving sustainable development objectives by linking clean energy generation with pollution reduction. Altogether, Microbial Fuel Cells can be considered a groundbreaking technology for the sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in the future, which will maintain energy resilience, restore the natural environment, and pursue the principles of the circular bioeconomy.

Keywords: Microbial fuel cells (mfcs), Sustainable energy, Aquatic ecosystem management, Pollution control, Wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical systems, Renewable energy recovery